• Year 2026
Focus Writing (B2E and E2B)
    • 1
      Focus Writing

      Bangladesh First: Economic Diplomacy and National Interest

      বাংলাদেশ ফার্স্ট: অর্থনৈতিক কূটনীতি ও জাতীয় স্বার্থ

      "Foreign policy must always serve the national interest before anything else."

      The "Bangladesh First" foreign policy is a national interest-based diplomatic approach that prioritizes economic prosperity, strategic autonomy, and national sovereignty. The doctrine emphasizes that Bangladesh will maintain friendly relations with all countries while safeguarding its own interests. Its guiding principle can be summarized as "Friendship with all, but dependence on none." This reflects an independent foreign policy that avoids excessive reliance on any single country or geopolitical bloc.

      The policy focuses on economic diplomacy by expanding exports, attracting quality Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), promoting technology transfer, and creating new employment opportunities. Rather than political alignment, Bangladesh seeks mutually beneficial economic partnerships with all major economies.

      Another key pillar is strategic autonomy. Bangladesh aims to maintain balanced relations with global powers such as the United States, China, India, the European Union, Russia, Japan, and Gulf countries while protecting its sovereignty and decision-making independence.

      The policy also gives importance to regional cooperation, peaceful border management, fair water-sharing agreements, connectivity, energy security, and stronger trade relations with neighboring and Muslim-majority countries. Active participation in the United Nations, BIMSTEC, SAARC, OIC, D-8, and other multilateral forums further strengthens Bangladesh's global position.

      Conclusion

      "Bangladesh First" seeks to place national interest at the center of foreign policy by balancing diplomacy with economic development. Through strategic independence, diversified partnerships, and effective economic diplomacy, Bangladesh can strengthen its global competitiveness while preserving its sovereignty and long-term national interests.


    • 2
      Focus Writing

      Misuse of Technology and the Decline of Social Values

      প্রযুক্তির অপব্যবহার ও সামাজিক মূল্যবোধের অবক্ষয়

      "Technology is a useful servant but a dangerous master." — Christian Lous Lange

      Technology has become an indispensable part of modern civilization, bringing remarkable progress in education, communication, healthcare, business, and governance. The internet and social media have made information easily accessible and connected people across the globe. However, the misuse of technology has emerged as a serious threat to social values, morality, and public safety.

      Today, cybercrime, online fraud, hacking, fake news, cyberbullying, identity theft, and the spread of misinformation are increasing rapidly. Social media is often used to spread hatred, defame individuals, manipulate public opinion, and create social unrest. Excessive dependence on digital devices has also reduced face-to-face communication, weakened family relationships, and encouraged addiction among young people.

      The misuse of Artificial Intelligence (AI), deepfake technology, and data privacy violations has created new ethical and security challenges. Without digital literacy and responsible use, technological advancement may become a threat rather than a blessing.

      To address these challenges, governments should strengthen cyber laws, educational institutions should promote digital ethics, and families should monitor children's online activities. Public awareness, cyber security education, and responsible use of technology are essential for protecting social values.

      In conclusion, technology itself is neither good nor bad; its impact depends entirely on how people use it. Responsible use of technology, strong moral values, and effective legal enforcement can ensure that technology contributes to sustainable development and a safer society.

      "Science without humanity is one of the greatest dangers to society." — Bertrand Russell


    • 3
      Focus Writing

      Climate Policy and Bangladesh: Building a Climate-Resilient Future

      বাংলাদেশের জলবায়ু নীতি: জলবায়ু-সহনশীল ভবিষ্যৎ নির্মাণ

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    • 4
      Focus Writing

      Modern Technology and Its Effect on Student Academic Achievements

      আধুনিক প্রযুক্তি এবং শিক্ষার্থীদের একাডেমিক অর্জনের ওপর এর প্রভাব

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    • 5
      Focus Writing

      Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Bangladesh's Banking Sector: Enhancing Efficiency, Security & Financial Inclusion

      বাংলাদেশের ব্যাংকিং খাতে কৃত্রিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা (AI): দক্ষতা, নিরাপত্তা ও আর্থিক অন্তর্ভুক্তির নতুন দিগন্ত

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    • 9
      Focus Writing

      Cyber Security: The Greatest Invisible Wall of Digital Banking

      সাইবার নিরাপত্তা: ডিজিটাল ব্যাংকিং-এর সবচেয়ে বড় অদৃশ্য প্রাচীর

      “Cyber security is no longer merely a technical issue; it has become the very foundation of trust in the modern digital economy.” — Stefan Kassriel

      Introduction

      In the era of digital banking, financial services have moved beyond physical branches to smartphones and online platforms. As digital transactions continue to grow, protecting customer data, financial assets, and banking infrastructure has become a top priority. Cyber security is therefore not only a technological necessity but also the foundation of trust, financial stability, and sustainable digital banking.

      Current Scenario

      • Rapid Digital Banking Growth: Mobile banking, internet banking, digital wallets, and cashless payment systems are expanding rapidly.
      • Increasing Cyber Threats: AI-driven phishing, ransomware, malware, and data breaches are becoming more frequent and sophisticated.
      • Protecting Customer Trust: Customer information and digital identities have become the most valuable assets of financial institutions.
      • Economic Impact: Cyber attacks can cause financial losses, operational disruption, and loss of public confidence.

      Major Cyber Threats

      • Phishing and Social Engineering attacks.
      • Ransomware and Malware attacks.
      • Data breaches and Identity Theft.
      • Dark Web and Crypto-enabled financial crimes.

      Security Measures

      • Implement Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) and biometric verification.
      • Adopt the Zero Trust Security Model.
      • Conduct regular Vulnerability Assessments and Penetration Testing.
      • Strengthen Security Operations Centers (SOC) and Incident Response capabilities.
      • Increase cyber security awareness among employees and customers.

      Future Roadmap

      • Expand AI-based Threat Detection and Fraud Monitoring.
      • Promote blockchain-based secure financial transactions.
      • Strengthen Cyber Threat Intelligence sharing among financial institutions.
      • Ensure compliance with international cyber security standards.

      “Cyber security is not a destination; it is a continuous and evolving process.” — INTERPOL Cybercrime Report

      Conclusion

      Cyber security is the backbone of digital banking. A secure digital financial ecosystem requires advanced technology, skilled professionals, strong regulations, and continuous public awareness. By strengthening cyber resilience, Bangladesh can build a trusted digital banking system and successfully achieve the vision of a Smart Bangladesh and a cashless economy.

      Key Words

      Cyber Security • Digital Banking • Phishing • Ransomware • Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) • Zero Trust • Data Protection • Cyber Awareness • Blockchain • Smart Bangladesh


    • 10
      Focus Writing

      Fourth Industrial Revolution: Are Banking Professionals Really Under Threat?

      চতুর্থ শিল্প বিপ্লব: ব্যাংক পেশাজীবীরা কি সত্যিই হুমকির মুখে?

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    • 11
      Focus Writing

      Inflation Control: A Shared Responsibility of the General Public, the Market, and the Central Bank

      মূল্যস্ফীতি নিয়ন্ত্রণ: জনগণ, বাজার ও কেন্দ্রীয় ব্যাংকের যৌথ দায়িত্ব

      Introduction

      Inflation is a persistent rise in the general price level of goods and services, reducing the purchasing power of money. It is one of the biggest economic challenges for developing countries like Bangladesh. High inflation increases the cost of living, weakens consumer confidence, and slows economic growth. Therefore, controlling inflation requires the combined efforts of the Central Bank, the market, the government, and the general public.

      Current Situation

      • Inflation Trend: According to the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), average inflation remained around 9–10% in 2024, while food inflation was higher than non-food inflation.
      • Major Causes: Global supply chain disruptions, import dependence, exchange rate volatility, rising energy prices, and domestic market inefficiencies.
      • Economic Impact: High inflation reduces purchasing power, increases poverty, discourages investment, and creates economic uncertainty.

      Role of the Central Bank

      • Implement a prudent monetary policy.
      • Adjust the policy interest rate to control money supply.
      • Manage liquidity and exchange rates effectively.
      • Strengthen banking supervision and maintain financial stability.
      • Monitor inflation expectations and take timely policy measures.

      Role of the Market

      • Prevent hoarding, black marketing, and artificial shortages.
      • Ensure fair competition and transparent pricing.
      • Maintain an efficient supply chain and smooth distribution of essential commodities.

      Role of the General Public

      • Practice responsible and planned consumption.
      • Avoid panic buying and unnecessary stockpiling.
      • Support domestic products to reduce import dependence.
      • Increase savings and use financial resources wisely.

      Policy Measures

      • Strengthen coordination between monetary and fiscal policies.
      • Introduce AI-based market monitoring systems.
      • Promote digital supply chains and farmer-to-consumer platforms.
      • Enhance market surveillance and consumer protection.

      “Price stability is the first responsibility of a central bank.” — IMF Policy Note

      Conclusion

      Inflation control is a shared responsibility rather than the duty of a single institution. A vigilant Central Bank, a transparent market, responsible consumers, and sound government policies can maintain price stability and ensure sustainable economic growth. Effective inflation management will play a vital role in achieving the vision of Smart Bangladesh by 2026.

      Keywords

      Inflation • Price Stability • Monetary Policy • Policy Rate • Liquidity Management • Bangladesh Bank • Fiscal Policy • Purchasing Power • Food Inflation • Smart Bangladesh


    • 12
      Focus Writing
      Foreign Exchange Reserves and Remittances: The Economic Shield and the Challenges of 2026

      বৈদেশিক মুদ্রার রিজার্ভ ও প্রবাসী আয়: অর্থনৈতিক ঢাল এবং ২০২৬-এর চ্যালেঞ্জ

      “Remittances are a private flow of money, but their impact is profoundly public, acting as a lifeline for developing nations.” — António Guterres

      Introduction

      Foreign exchange reserves and remittances are the two major pillars of Bangladesh's macroeconomic stability. Strong reserves ensure external payment capacity and currency stability, while remittances strengthen foreign exchange earnings, reduce poverty, and support economic growth. As Bangladesh moves toward becoming a developing country, maintaining adequate reserves and increasing remittance inflows remain national priorities.

      Current Situation

      • Reserve Management: Bangladesh Bank calculates foreign exchange reserves following the IMF BPM6 methodology to ensure transparency and international comparability.
      • Reserve Target: Stabilize net foreign exchange reserves at around USD 21–22 billion.
      • Remittance Target: Increase annual remittance inflows from USD 23.91 billion (FY 2023–24) to around USD 30 billion.
      • Economic Importance: Adequate reserves strengthen the balance of payments, exchange rate stability, and investor confidence.

      Major Challenges

      • Hundi Networks: Informal money transfer channels divert remittances from the banking system.
      • Skill Deficit: Low-skilled migrant workers earn lower wages than skilled workers.
      • Exchange Rate Volatility: Frequent fluctuations discourage formal remittance transfers.
      • Global Economic Uncertainty: International economic shocks affect reserve accumulation.

      Policy Measures

      • Provide a 2.5% cash incentive for remittances.
      • Expand offshore banking and foreign currency deposit facilities.
      • Promote digital remittance channels and FinTech solutions.
      • Strengthen measures against hundi and illegal money transfers.
      • Develop skilled manpower for higher overseas income.

      “Foreign exchange reserves are not just numbers; they represent a country's ability to defend its currency and ensure investor confidence.” — Christine Lagarde

      Conclusion

      Foreign exchange reserves and remittances are vital for Bangladesh's economic resilience. Sound reserve management, skilled migration, digital remittance systems, and effective anti-hundi measures will strengthen macroeconomic stability and accelerate the journey toward a Smart Bangladesh.

      Keywords

      Foreign Exchange Reserve • Remittance • BPM6 • Bangladesh Bank • Balance of Payments • Hundi • Offshore Banking • Cash Incentive • Exchange Rate • Smart Bangladesh


    • 13
      Focus Writing
      Taka vs. Dollar: Exchange Rate Management and the Relevance of the Crawling Peg

      টাকা বনাম ডলার: বিনিময় হার ব্যবস্থাপনা ও ক্রলিং পেগের প্রাসঙ্গিকতা

      “The exchange rate is the single most important price in an open economy, determining the competitiveness of exports and the cost of imports.” — Maurice Obstfeld

      Introduction

      The exchange rate plays a vital role in maintaining macroeconomic stability. It influences inflation, import costs, export competitiveness, foreign investment, and foreign exchange reserves. As Bangladesh prepares for sustainable economic growth, effective exchange rate management has become a major policy priority. To reduce excessive volatility, Bangladesh Bank introduced the Crawling Peg Exchange Rate System.

      Current Scenario

      • Crawling Peg System: Bangladesh Bank adjusts the exchange rate gradually according to market conditions while preventing excessive fluctuations.
      • Reduced Exchange Rate Gap: The difference between the official exchange rate and the curb market rate has been reduced to below 2%, improving confidence in the foreign exchange market.
      • Reserve Management: Bangladesh Bank aims to maintain USD 20–21 billion in net foreign exchange reserves (BPM6 standard).
      • Policy Objective: Ensure exchange rate stability, control inflation, support exports, and strengthen investor confidence.

      Major Challenges

      • Global economic uncertainty and US dollar appreciation.
      • Pressure on foreign exchange reserves.
      • Exchange rate volatility affecting imports and exports.
      • Hundi transactions reducing official foreign currency inflows.
      • High import dependence increasing demand for US dollars.

      Policy Measures

      • Strengthen the Crawling Peg framework.
      • Increase remittance inflows through formal banking channels.
      • Expand IT freelancing and service exports to earn more foreign currency.
      • Strengthen offshore banking and digital foreign exchange services.
      • Improve reserve management and market monitoring.
      • Reduce illegal hundi transactions using fintech solutions.

      “Currency stability is not an end in itself; it is a means to achieve price stability and sustainable growth.” — Jerome Powell

      Conclusion

      Effective exchange rate management is essential for maintaining economic stability. The Crawling Peg system provides flexibility while preventing excessive currency volatility. Strong foreign exchange reserves, increased remittances, export diversification, and prudent monetary policies will help Bangladesh achieve a stable, resilient, and globally competitive economy.

      Key Words

      Exchange Rate • Crawling Peg • Bangladesh Bank • Foreign Exchange Reserve • BPM6 • Inflation • Remittance • Hundi • Export Competitiveness • Smart Bangladesh


    • 14
      Focus Writing
      Bank Merger: Financial Stability or the Risk of Concentration?

      ব্যাংক একীভূতকরণ: আর্থিক স্থিতিশীলতা নাকি ক্ষমতার কেন্দ্রীকরণের ঝুঁকি?

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    • 15
      Focus Writing

      Financial Inclusion: The Marginalized Population and Banks' Social Responsibility

      আর্থিক অন্তর্ভুক্তি: প্রান্তিক জনগোষ্ঠী ও ব্যাংকের সামাজিক দায়বদ্ধতা

      “Financial inclusion is not a luxury; it is a basic right that equips individuals to improve their lives and contribute meaningfully to national growth.” — Queen Máxima of the Netherlands

      Introduction

      Financial inclusion means ensuring that every individual has access to affordable and quality financial services, including savings, credit, insurance, and digital payments. As Bangladesh advances toward becoming a Smart Bangladesh, financial inclusion has become a key driver of inclusive economic growth. It empowers marginalized communities, reduces poverty, and promotes sustainable development. Commercial banks also have a significant social responsibility through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives and inclusive banking services.

      Current Progress

      • Financial Inclusion Target: Bangladesh Bank's National Financial Inclusion Strategy aims to bring around 95% of the adult population under formal financial services by 2026.
      • Agent Banking & MFS: Rapid expansion of Agent Banking and Mobile Financial Services (MFS) has brought banking services to rural and remote areas.
      • Digital Banking: Internet banking, mobile banking, digital wallets, and Bangla QR have significantly increased access to financial services.
      • Rural Development: Financial inclusion has increased savings, supported small businesses, and improved access to agricultural finance.

      Importance of Financial Inclusion

      • Reduce poverty and income inequality.
      • Promote entrepreneurship and self-employment.
      • Increase access to affordable credit and insurance.
      • Strengthen women's financial empowerment.
      • Support digital and cashless economic transformation.

      Banks' Social Responsibility (CSR)

      • Provide financial literacy programs for marginalized communities.
      • Offer low-cost banking services and microfinance facilities.
      • Support climate-vulnerable and disaster-affected people through special financial products.
      • Expand SME financing and agricultural credit.
      • Promote ethical, sustainable, and inclusive banking practices.

      Major Challenges

      • Digital divide and low financial literacy.
      • Cybersecurity threats and digital fraud.
      • High transaction and cash-out costs.
      • Limited banking access in remote areas.
      • Lack of awareness regarding formal financial services.

      Way Forward

      • Expand financial literacy and digital awareness programs.
      • Strengthen cybersecurity and consumer protection.
      • Promote digital wallets, Bangla QR, and interoperable payment systems.
      • Reduce transaction costs for low-income customers.
      • Increase CSR investment in financial inclusion and sustainable development.

      “If financial innovation fails to prioritize the underserved, technology will only widen inequality instead of reducing it.” — Bill Gates

      Conclusion

      Financial inclusion is not merely about opening bank accounts; it is about ensuring equal economic opportunities for every citizen. By strengthening inclusive banking, digital financial services, and banks' social responsibility, Bangladesh can reduce inequality, empower marginalized communities, and build a resilient and inclusive Smart Bangladesh.

      Key Words

      Financial Inclusion • Agent Banking • Mobile Financial Services (MFS) • CSR • Bangla QR • Digital Banking • Financial Literacy • SME Finance • Inclusive Growth • Smart Bangladesh


    • 16
      Focus Writing

      Reforms in the Banking Sector: Good Governance & Accountability to Reduce Non-Performing Loans (NPLs)

      ব্যাংকিং খাতে সংস্কার: খেলাপি ঋণ (এনপিএল) হ্রাসে সুশাসন ও জবাবদিহিতা

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    • 17
      Focus Writing
      Cashless Society: How Prepared is Bangladesh for 2026?

      ক্যাশলেস সমাজ: ২০২৬ সালের জন্য বাংলাদেশ কতটা প্রস্তুত?

      “The future of the economy will not be in paper notes, but in digital pulses.” — Bill Gates


      Introduction

      A cashless society refers to an economy where financial transactions are conducted mainly through digital payment systems instead of physical cash. As Bangladesh prepares for its transition to a developing country in 2026, building a cashless economy has become an important component of the Smart Bangladesh Vision. Digital payments not only make transactions faster and safer but also promote transparency, financial inclusion, and economic efficiency.


      Current Progress

      • Digital Payment Growth: Mobile Financial Services (MFS) such as bKash, Nagad and Rocket, internet banking, debit/credit cards, and Bangla QR have significantly expanded digital transactions.
      • Bangladesh Bank Initiative: Bangladesh Bank is promoting interoperable digital payments through Binimoy, Bangla QR, and contactless payment technologies.
      • 2026 Target: The strategic roadmap aims to make around 75% of retail transactions cashless by 2026, supported by NFC and Smart QR technologies.
      • Digital Connectivity: More than 180 million mobile connections and increasing smartphone usage have accelerated digital financial services.

      Major Challenges

      • Cybersecurity threats and digital fraud.
      • Limited digital literacy, especially in rural areas.
      • Unequal internet access and high mobile data costs.
      • Resistance to adopting digital payment systems.

      Way Forward

      • Strengthen cybersecurity and data protection.
      • Expand digital financial literacy programs nationwide.
      • Improve internet infrastructure and reduce data costs.
      • Encourage merchants through incentives and tax benefits.
      • Promote interoperable payment platforms for seamless transactions.

      “Digital payment systems are not just technology; they are a powerful tool for financial inclusion.” — Narendra Modi


      Conclusion

      Bangladesh has made remarkable progress toward becoming a cashless society. Although challenges such as cyber risks and digital literacy remain, strong policy support from Bangladesh Bank, rapid technological advancement, and growing public acceptance indicate that Bangladesh is well-positioned to achieve a transparent, inclusive, and digitally empowered economy by 2026.


      Keywords

      Cashless Society • Digital Payment • MFS • Bangla QR • Binimoy • NFC • Financial Inclusion • Cybersecurity • Smart Bangladesh • Bangladesh Bank


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