Previous Year Question(2021-2026) of Bank AME/AE/ANE
Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, AE/AME, 2026
Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution
Post: Assistant Engineer(IT)/ AME
Job ID: 10207; Exam Date: 24.01.2026
End-to-End Delay Calculation:
- Number of routers = 4
- Processing delay per router = 2 ms → Total = 4 × 2 = 8 ms
- Number of links = routers + 1 = 5
- Transmission delay per link = 5 ms → Total = 5 × 5 = 25 ms
- Total Delay = Processing + Transmission
- = 8 ms + 25 ms = 33 ms
Difference Between IPv4 and IPv6
Subnet Calculation
Given IP: 192.168.10.0/24
Borrowed bits = 3
- Number of Subnets = 2³ = 8
- New subnet mask = /24 + 3 = /27
- Host bits = 32 – 27 = 5
- Hosts per subnet = 2⁵ – 2 = 32 – 2 = 30
Final Answer:
- Subnets = 8
- Hosts per subnet = 30
Total Time in a Month
- 30 days = 30 × 24 = 720 hours
- Downtime = 4 hours
Availability Calculation
- Availability = [(Total Time − Downtime) / Total Time] × 100
- = [(720 − 4) / 720] × 100
- = (716 / 720) × 100 ≈ 99.44%
Revenue Loss
- Transactions per hour = 500
- Fee per transaction = 0.50 Tk
- Loss per hour = 500 × 0.50 = 250 Tk
- Total loss = 250 × 4 = 1000 Tk
Four Necessary Conditions for Deadlock
- Mutual Exclusion: At least one resource must be held in a non-shareable mode.
- Hold and Wait: A process holds at least one resource and waits for others.
- No Preemption: Resources cannot be forcibly taken; must be released voluntarily.
- Circular Wait: A set of processes are waiting for each other in a circular chain.
Circular Wait (Explanation):
- In circular wait, each process is waiting for a resource held by another process.
- This forms a cycle (e.g., P1 → P2 → P3 → P1).
- None of the processes can proceed, causing a deadlock.
Example:
- P1 holds R1 and waits for R2
- P2 holds R2 and waits for R3
- P3 holds R3 and waits for R1
Deadlock হওয়ার চারটি শর্ত
- Mutual Exclusion: কোনো resource একসাথে একাধিক process ব্যবহার করতে পারে না।
- Hold and Wait: একটি process একটি resource ধরে রেখে অন্য resource-এর জন্য অপেক্ষা করে।
- No Preemption: resource জোর করে নেওয়া যায় না, process নিজে release করতে হয়।
- Circular Wait: process গুলো একে অপরের জন্য circular ভাবে অপেক্ষা করে।
Circular Wait (ব্যাখ্যা):
- এখানে প্রতিটি process অন্য process-এর held resource-এর জন্য অপেক্ষা করে।
- এটি একটি cycle তৈরি করে (যেমন P1 → P2 → P3 → P1)।
- কোনো process এগোতে পারে না → deadlock তৈরি হয়।
উদাহরণ:
- P1 এর কাছে R1 আছে, R2-এর জন্য অপেক্ষা করছে
- P2 এর কাছে R2 আছে, R3-এর জন্য অপেক্ষা করছে
- P3 এর কাছে R3 আছে, R1-এর জন্য অপেক্ষা করছে
Given:
- Power (P) = 2.4 kW = 2400 W
- Voltage (V) = 240 V
Calculate Current
- I = P / V
- I = 2400 / 240 = 10 A
Step 2: Choose Fuse Rating
- Fuse rating should be slightly higher than calculated current
- So, select next standard value ≈ 13 A
[Source:Mozilla]
MapReduce, HDFS, YARN, HBase, ZooKeeper, Pig, Hive, Mahout, Chukwa, Cassandra, Avro, Oozie, Flume, Sqoop
Identify five components from the list that you would use to design this pipeline. Justify the role of each chosen component in this scenario, focusing on its functionality.
i. Identify the Policy violation regarding account access. the backup schedule.
ii. Explain the Compliance failure regarding the backup schedule.
- Defective rate = 25% = 0.25
- Non-defective = 75% = 0.75
- Number of items selected = 2
- P(at least one defective) = 1 − P(none defective)
- = 0.75 × 0.75 = 0.5625
- = 1 − 0.5625 = 0.4375
- Probability = 0.4375 (or 43.75%)
Given:
- Total engineers, n = 10
- Each engineer shakes hands with every other engineer once
Formula:
- Total handshakes = nc2
Calculation:
- = 10 C 2
- =(10*9)/(1*2)
- = 45
Total handshakes = 45
General Part
14. Translate the following sentences into correct and meaningful English. (10)a) কঠোর নীতিমালার কারণে ক্ষুদ্র উদ্যোক্তারা প্রয়োজনীয় ঋণ সুবিধা থেকে বঞ্চিত হচ্ছে।
b) গ্রাহকদের আস্থা অর্জনের জন্য স্বচ্ছতা এবং জবাবদিহিতা অপরিহার্য।
c) দুর্নীতি দেশের উন্নয়নের অন্তরায়।
d) সকাল থেকে গুঁড়ি গুঁড়ি বৃষ্টি হচ্ছে।
e) উপদেশ দেওয়ার চেয়ে পালন করা কঠিন।
15. Translate the following sentences into correct and meaningful Bangla. (10)
a) Empty vessels sound much.
b) Customers are encouraged to use online banking services to reduce transaction time and operational costs.
c) The bank has decided to waive the service charge.
d) The project is still in its nascent stage
e) True greatness lies not in power, but in humility and moral integrity
.
16. "Data is the new compute in today's Al era." Critically analyze this statement in the context of modem Al applications. Your answer should demonstrate clarity of thought, coherence, and relevance to the topic.
Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, AE/ AME, 2024
Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution
Post: Assistant Engineer(IT)/ AME
Job ID: 10199; Exam Date: 24.02.2024
TCP/IP Model (Tabular Representation)
Types of Network Firewall
- Packet Filtering Firewall: Filters packets based on IP, port, protocol.
- Stateful Inspection Firewall: Tracks connection state and allows valid traffic.
- Proxy Firewall: Acts as intermediary between user and internet.
- Application Firewall: Filters traffic at application layer.
- Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW): Advanced firewall with deep inspection and security features.
Advantages of NGFW over Traditional Firewall
- Deep Packet Inspection: Analyzes full packet content, not just headers.
- Application Awareness: Identifies and controls specific applications.
- Intrusion Prevention (IPS): Detects and blocks attacks in real-time.
- Better Security: Protects against modern threats like malware and phishing.
- User-Based Control: Policies based on user identity, not just IP.
Network Firewall-এর ধরন
- Packet Filtering Firewall: IP, port অনুযায়ী packet filter করে।
- Stateful Firewall: connection state track করে।
- Proxy Firewall: user ও internet-এর মাঝে intermediary হিসেবে কাজ করে।
- Application Firewall: application layer-এ traffic control করে।
- NGFW: advanced security feature সহ modern firewall।
NGFW এর সুবিধা (Traditional Firewall-এর উপর)
- Deep Packet Inspection: পুরো packet analyze করতে পারে।
- Application Control: specific application control করা যায়।
- IPS Support: real-time attack detect ও block করে।
- উন্নত Security: malware, phishing থেকে সুরক্ষা দেয়।
- User-Based Policy: user অনুযায়ী control করা যায়।
(A’B+BC(B+C)’)’
∘ Substitute the values A = 1, B = 0, C = 1 into the equation.
= (1’·0+0·1(0+1)’)’
∘ The complement of 1 is 0. Replace 1′ with 0.
= (0·0+0·1(0+1)’)’
∘ 0+1 is equal to 1.
= (0·0+0·1·1′)’
∘ The complement of 1 is 0. Replace 1′ with 0.
= (0·0+0·1·0)’
∘ 0·0 is equal to 0.
= (0+0·1·0)’
∘ 0·1·0 is equal to 0.
= (0+0)’
∘ 0+0 is equal to 0.
= 0′
∘ The complement of 0 is 1. Replace 0′ with 1.
= 1
General Part
12-14 Math Question 20 marks15. B2E Translation (10)
16. Focus: Effect of air pollution on human health.10
17. English to Bengali translation. 10
Combined Bank, AME/AHE, 2023
Combined Bank
Post: AME/AHE
Exam Date: 23.11.2023 Exam Taker: BIBM
Top 10 Common Cyber Attacks:
- Malware – Malicious software that harms your computer.
- Phishing – Tricking people into giving personal information.
- Man-in-the-Middle Attacks – Intercepting communication between two parties.
- Denial-of-Service (DoS) – Overloading a system to make it unavailable.
- SQL Injections – Injecting harmful code into a database.
- Zero-day Exploit – Exploiting unknown vulnerabilities.
- Password Attacks – Stealing or cracking passwords.
- Cross-site Scripting – Injecting malicious scripts into websites.
- Rootkits – Gaining unauthorized access to a system.
- IoT Attacks – Hacking Internet of Things (smart devices).
General Part
9. An aeroplane started 30 minutes later than the scheduled time from a place 1500 km away from its destination to reach the destination at the schedule time the pilot had to increase the speed by 250km/h what was the speed of the aeroplane per hour during the journey?
10. A man could buy a certain number of notebooks for Rs.300. If each notebook cost is Rs.5 more, he could have bought 10 notebooks less for the same amount. Find the price of each notebook?
11. Two sides of a plot 32m and 24m and the angle between them a perfect right angle.The other two sides measure 25m each and the other three angles are not right angles. What is the area of the plot?
. 
12. Translate Bangla to English:
13. Translate English to Bangla to:
14. Focus writing in English : Metro Rail Equal Opportunity
Rupali Bank, ANE, 2023
Rupali Bank
Post: Assistant Network Engineer ,
Exam Date: 04.11.2023, Exam Taker: MIST
Conversion of IP Address (192.168.101.5) into Binary:
Decimal IP: 192.168.101.5
Binary IP: 11000000.10101000.01100101.00000101
#include <iostream>
int main() {
int n;
std::cout << "Enter the number of terms for the fibonacci series: ";
std::cin >> n;
int first = 0, second = 1;
if (n > 1) {
std::cout << "Fibonacci Series: " << first;
if (n > 2) {
std::cout << ", " << second;
}
for (int i = 2; i < n; i++) {
int next = first + second;
std::cout << ", " << next;
first = second;
second = next;
}
}
std::cout << std::endl;
return 0;
}
SELECT department_name, AVG(salary) AS average_salary
FROM employees e
JOIN departments d ON e.department_id = d.department_id
WHERE salary > (
SELECT AVG(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = d.department_id
)
GROUP BY department_name
HAVING COUNT(*) > 2
ORDER BY average_salary DESC;
General Part
Section-B: Focus Writing in English Marks: 15
2. Write an essay on 'Women's Empowerment and Gender Equality in Bangladesh' within 200 (+/- 10%) words.
Section-C: General Knowledge (Qs. 3-7) Marks: 5x2=10
3. The first ODI Cricket was played on January 5, 1971 between which countries?
4. Write down the longest and shortest day in the planet.
5. Mention the name of the largest, biggest and heaviest planet.
6. Who wrote the books titled Ekatturer Diary and Ekatturer Dinguli?
7. Who was awarded the Meril-Prothom Alo Lifetime Award 2022?
Bangladesh Bank, AME, 2023
Bangladesh Bank
Post: Assistant maintenance engineer (AME),
Exam Date: 04.02.2023, Exam Taker: BIBM
In direct mapping physical address is divided into three parts i.e., Tag bits, Cache Line Number and Byte offset.
| Tag | Number of Cache Lines/Index bit | Offset Bit |
Given:-
Cache size: 16 KB
Block size: 4 words
Word size: 4 bytes (assuming a typical 32-bit architecture where each word is 4 bytes)
Address size: 32 bits
Calculate the Block Size in Bytes:
Since each block contains 4 words and each word is 4 bytes:
Block size = \( 4 \text{ words} \times 4 \text{ bytes/word} = 16 = 2^4 \text{ bytes} \)
Number of offset bits = \( \log_2 2^4 \) = 4 bits
Calculate the Number of Cache Blocks:
Block size = Line size = \( 2^4 \text{ bytes} \)
The total cache size is 16 KB = \( 2^{14} \text{ bytes} \) [ 1 KB = 210B]
Number of Lines = \( \frac{\text{Total cache size}}{\text{Line size}} = \frac{2^{14}}{2^4} = 2^{10} \text{ lines} \)
Number of Lines in the cache:
Number of index bits = \( \log_2 \text{(Number of lines)} = \log_2 2^{10} = \) 10 bits
Number of tag bits = Total Address bit − (Index bits + Offset bits) = \( 32 – (10 + 4) = \) 18 bits.
Solution: Here, The source uses 480 x 500 pixels/picture And, 30 pictures are sent per second.
So, we can find the source rate in pixels/s as:
\[ (30 \, \text{pictures/s}) \times (480 \times 500 \, \text{pixels/picture})\] \[= 7.2 \times 10^6 \, \text{pixels/s} \]
Now, each pixel can take on one of 32 intensity values and these 32 intensity values can be represented by:
\[ \log_2 32 = \log_2 2^5 = 5 \, \text{bits} \] We can find the source rate in bits/s (bps) as:
R = \( 7.2 \times 10^6 \, \text{pixels/s} \times 5 \, \text{bits/pixel} \)
\[ = 36 \times 10^6 \, \text{bps} = 36 \, \text{Mbps} \]
source:[brainly.in]
Virtual Machine:
A virtual machine (VM) is a software-based simulation of a physical computer. It runs an operating system and applications just like a physical computer.
Virtual Machine Operation:
=>VMs run on a physical host computer using a hypervisor (e.g., VMware, Hyper-V, VirtualBox)
=>A hypervisor, also known as a virtual machine monitor (VMM) or virtualizer, is a type of computer software, firmware or hardware that creates and runs virtual machines
=>The hypervisor allows multiple VMs to share the resources of a single physical host.
Benefits of Virtual Machines
Cost Efficiency: Reduced need for physical hardware.
Flexibility: Easy to test and deploy different operating systems and applications.
Resource Optimization: Better utilization of physical resources.
Disaster Recovery: Easier backup and restoration of VMs.
Regions of Operation of a Transistor
A transistor operates in three main regions based on the biasing of its junctions: Cut-off region, Active region, and Saturation region. These regions are explained below with reference to the load line diagram.
(i) Cut-off Region
The cut-off region is the point where the load line intersects the curve for IB = 0. In this region, the base current is zero, and only a very small collector leakage current (ICEO) flows.
- Base-emitter junction is not forward biased.
- Collector-base junction is reverse biased.
- Transistor is in OFF state.
- Collector-emitter voltage is maximum: VCE ≈ VCC.
(ii) Saturation Region
The saturation region occurs where the load line intersects the curve for IB = IB(sat). In this region, both the base current and collector current are maximum.
- Base-emitter junction is forward biased.
- Collector-base junction is no longer reverse biased.
- Transistor is fully ON.
- Collector-emitter voltage is minimum: VCE(sat) ≈ 0.
(iii) Active Region
The active region lies between cut-off and saturation. In this region, the transistor operates normally and is used for amplification.
- Base-emitter junction is forward biased.
- Collector-base junction is reverse biased.
- Collector current is proportional to base current.
- Transistor works as an amplifier.
Working Principle of an N-Channel JFET
An N-channel Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) is a voltage-controlled semiconductor device where the current flows through an n-type channel between the Source and Drain. The current is controlled by the voltage applied between the Gate and Source (VGS).
Case 1: VGS = 0 and Small VDS
When no gate voltage is applied (VGS = 0) and a small drain-source voltage (VDS) is applied, electrons flow freely from source to drain. The channel is wide, and the drain current (ID) increases linearly with VDS. This region is called the ohmic or linear region.
Case 2: VGS = 0 and Increasing VDS
As VDS increases, the depletion region near the drain widens. At a particular VDS, the channel becomes constricted at the drain end. This condition is called pinch-off. Beyond this point, the drain current becomes almost constant. This is the saturation region.
Case 3: Negative VGS and Constant VDS
When a negative voltage is applied to the gate (VGS < 0), the depletion regions expand further, narrowing the channel. As a result, the drain current decreases. More negative VGS reduces ID further.
Case 4: VGS = VGS(off)
When VGS reaches a sufficiently negative value known as cut-off voltage (VGS(off)), the channel is completely closed. The drain current becomes zero, and the JFET is in the cut-off region.
Transistor-এর Operation-এর অঞ্চলসমূহ
Transistor-এর junction biasing-এর উপর ভিত্তি করে এটি তিনটি প্রধান region-এ কাজ করে: Cut-off region, Active region এবং Saturation region। Load line diagram-এর সাহায্যে এগুলো নিচে ব্যাখ্যা করা হলো।
(i) Cut-off Region
Cut-off region হলো সেই বিন্দু যেখানে load line, IB = 0 curve-কে ছেদ করে। এই অবস্থায় base current শূন্য থাকে এবং কেবলমাত্র অল্প collector leakage current (ICEO) প্রবাহিত হয়।
- Base-emitter junction forward biased থাকে না।
- Collector-base junction reverse biased থাকে।
- Transistor OFF অবস্থায় থাকে।
- Collector-emitter voltage সর্বাধিক: VCE ≈ VCC।
(ii) Saturation Region
Saturation region ঘটে যখন load line, IB = IB(sat) curve-কে ছেদ করে। এই অবস্থায় base current ও collector current উভয়ই সর্বাধিক হয়।
- Base-emitter junction forward biased থাকে।
- Collector-base junction reverse biased থাকে না।
- Transistor সম্পূর্ণ ON অবস্থায় থাকে।
- Collector-emitter voltage খুব কম: VCE(sat) ≈ 0।
(iii) Active Region
Cut-off ও saturation-এর মধ্যবর্তী অঞ্চলকে active region বলা হয়। এই অঞ্চলে transistor স্বাভাবিকভাবে কাজ করে এবং amplification-এর জন্য ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Base-emitter junction forward biased থাকে।
- Collector-base junction reverse biased থাকে।
- Collector current, base current-এর সাথে proportional হয়।
- Transistor amplifier হিসেবে কাজ করে।
N-Channel JFET-এর কার্যপ্রণালী
N-channel Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) হলো একটি voltage-controlled device যেখানে Source এবং Drain-এর মধ্যে n-type channel দিয়ে current প্রবাহিত হয়। Gate এবং Source-এর মধ্যে প্রয়োগকৃত ভোল্টেজ (VGS) দ্বারা এই current নিয়ন্ত্রিত হয়।
কেস ১: VGS = 0 এবং ছোট VDS
যখন gate-এ কোনো voltage দেওয়া হয় না (VGS = 0) এবং drain-source-এর মধ্যে অল্প VDS প্রয়োগ করা হয়, তখন electron সহজে source থেকে drain-এ প্রবাহিত হয়। Channel প্রশস্ত থাকে এবং ID ধীরে ধীরে বাড়ে। একে ohmic বা linear region বলা হয়।
কেস ২: VGS = 0 এবং VDS বাড়ানো হলে
VDS বাড়ার সাথে সাথে drain-এর কাছে depletion region প্রসারিত হয়। একটি নির্দিষ্ট VDS-এ channel সংকুচিত হয়ে যায়, যাকে pinch-off বলা হয়। এর পর drain current প্রায় ধ্রুব থাকে। এটি saturation region।
কেস ৩: Negative VGS এবং স্থির VDS
Gate-এ negative voltage দিলে (VGS < 0), depletion region আরও বাড়ে এবং channel সরু হয়ে যায়। ফলে drain current কমে যায়। VGS যত বেশি negative হবে, ID তত কমবে।
কেস ৪: VGS = VGS(off)
যখন VGS একটি নির্দিষ্ট negative মানে পৌঁছে যায়, যাকে cut-off voltage (VGS(off)) বলা হয়, তখন channel সম্পূর্ণ বন্ধ হয়ে যায়। Drain current শূন্য হয় এবং JFET cut-off region-এ চলে যায়।
General Part
Microcredit Regulatory Authority, AME, 2022
Microcredit Regulatory Authority
Post: Assistant Maintenance Engineer
Exam Date: 2022
Frame Size: 1500B
Headers:
- IP Header: 20B
- UDP Header: 8B
- Total Header Size: 28B
Total UDP Payload Data: 1500B – 28B = 1472B
Total Bits Sent Per Second:
- Payload per packet = 1472B × 8 bits = 11776 bits
- Total bits sent per second = 11776 × 50 = 588800 bps
Throughput: 588800 bps or 588 kbps
Using Shannon’s equation:
\[ C = B \log_2(1 + SNR) \]
\[ B = 300 \, \text{Hz}, \, SNR \, \text{(in dB)} = 3 \]
\[ SNR = 10^{0.3} \]
\[ C = 300 \log_2(1 + 10^{0.3}) \]
\[ C = 300 \log_2(2.995) \]
\[ C = 300 \times 1.585 \]
\[ C = 474 \, \text{bps} \]
Answer:
Channel Capacity = 474 bps
- A hash value of the original message or file is generated.
- The hash value is encrypted using the sender’s private key to create the digital signature.
- The original message or file is sent along with the digital signature.
- The receiver decrypts the digital signature using the sender’s public key.
- The decrypted hash is compared with a newly generated hash of the received message.
- If both hashes match, the message is authentic.
- If they do not match, the message has been tampered with.
- প্রথমে message বা file-এর একটি hash value তৈরি করা হয়।
- এই hash value sender-এর private key দিয়ে encrypt করে digital signature তৈরি করা হয়।
- Original message বা file-এর সাথে digital signature পাঠানো হয়।
- Receiver sender-এর public key ব্যবহার করে signature decrypt করে।
- Decrypt করা hash এবং প্রাপ্ত message-এর নতুন hash তুলনা করা হয়।
- যদি দুইটি hash এক হয়, তবে message authentic।
- Hash mismatch হলে message পরিবর্তন হয়েছে বলে বোঝা যায়।
An 8:1 Multiplexer (MUX) is a combinational logic circuit with:
- 8 input lines: I0, I1, I2, I3, I4, I5, I6, and I7.
- 3 select lines: S0, S1, and S2.
- 1 output line: Y.
The logic levels on the select lines S0, S1, and S2 determine which input line will be transmitted to the output line Y.
To derive the logic expression for the output (Y) and understand its working, the function table (truth table) is required. This table provides the relationship between the select lines and the input-output operation of the multiplexer.
Block Diagram:
The function table for an 8:1 multiplexer with inputs (I0 to I7) and select lines (S0, S1, S2) is shown below.
| S2 | S1 | S0 | Output (Y) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0 | I0 |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | I1 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | I2 |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | I3 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | I4 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | I5 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | I6 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | I7 |
Y = S2 . S1 . S0 . I0 +
S2 . S1 . S0 I1 +
S2 . S1 S0 . I2 +
S2 . S1 S0 I3 +
S2 S1 . S0 . I4 +
S2 S1 . S0 I5 +
S2 S1 S0 . I6 +
S2 S1 S0 I7
From the above Boolean equation, the logic circuit diagram of an 8-to-1 multiplexer can be implemented using 8 AND gates, 1 OR gate, and 7 NOT gates. When the enable pin is set to 1, the multiplexer will be disabled. If the enable pin is 0, the select lines will determine the corresponding data input that passes through to the output.
SPCBL, Sub-AME, 2022
The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a network communication system by dividing it into seven distinct layers. These layers ensure seamless communication between different systems and networks by defining protocols and packet transfer processes.
Difference Between OSI and TCP/IP Model:
OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Model হলো একটি conceptual framework যা network communication system-এর কাজগুলোকে সাতটি পৃথক layer-এ ভাগ করে standardize করে। এই layer-গুলো protocol ও packet transfer process নির্ধারণের মাধ্যমে বিভিন্ন system ও network-এর মধ্যে seamless communication নিশ্চিত করে।
Difference Between OSI and TCP/IP Model:
Difference between HTTP and HTTPS
- Meaning: HTTP = HyperText Transfer Protocol, HTTPS = HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure.
- Security: HTTP is not encrypted, HTTPS is encrypted using SSL/TLS.
- Data Protection: HTTP data can be intercepted, HTTPS protects against eavesdropping and tampering.
- Port: HTTP uses port 80, HTTPS uses port 443.
- Certificate: HTTP does not require a certificate, HTTPS requires a digital certificate.
HTTP এবং HTTPS-এর পার্থক্য
- Meaning: HTTP = HyperText Transfer Protocol, HTTPS = HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure.
- Security: HTTP encrypted নয়, HTTPS SSL/TLS ব্যবহার করে encrypted।
- Data Protection: HTTP data intercept হতে পারে, HTTPS data কে eavesdropping ও tampering থেকে সুরক্ষা দেয়।
- Port: HTTP port 80 ব্যবহার করে, HTTPS port 443 ব্যবহার করে।
- Certificate: HTTP certificate চায় না, HTTPS-এর জন্য digital certificate লাগে।
i. Router to Router
ii. Router to switch
iii. Computer to computer
iv. Hub to Switch
A computer virus is a malicious software program designed to harm or disrupt the normal functioning of a computer. It can replicate itself and spread to other devices, damaging data, files, or software.
Examples of antivirus software:
- Norton
- McAfee
- Kaspersky
- Avast
- Bitdefender
- Panda
i. Printing a document
ii. Ppt Slide start & exit.
iii. Increase font size.
i. Printing a document: Ctrl + P
ii. PowerPoint slide show
Start slideshow: F5 (from beginning)
Exit slideshow: Esc
iii. Increase font size: Ctrl + Shift + >
IDRA, ANA, 2022
Insurance Development and Regulatory Authority
Post: Assistant Network Administrator (ANA)
Exam Date:2022
DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
POP3: Post Office Protocol Version 3
VSAT: Very Small Aperture Terminal
LCD: Liquid Crystal Display
(i)Network Address?
(ii) IP Class
(iii)Subnet mask
(iv)Broadcast Address
(v) Hosts per Subnet
Answers:
Network Address: 172.162.100.0/27
IP Class: Class B
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.224
Broadcast Address: 172.162.100.31
Hosts per Subnet: 30
Explanation
(i) Network Address:
Network address হলো subnet-এর প্রথম address, যেখানে সব host bit 0 করা হয়। /27 হলে host bit থাকে 5টি, তাই block size = 25 = 32।
- Calculation: 25-এর সমান বা ছোট nearest multiple of 32 হলো 0। তাই network address = 172.162.100.0/27।
(ii) IP Class:
First octet 172 হওয়ায় এটি 128–191 range-এর মধ্যে পড়ে, তাই এটি Class B। Default mask 255.255.0.0 হলেও এখানে /27 ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে।
(iii) Subnet Mask:
/27 মানে network অংশে 27 bit। Binary mask 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000, যা decimal-এ 255.255.255.224।
(iv) Broadcast Address:
Broadcast address হলো subnet-এর শেষ address, যেখানে সব host bit 1 করা হয়। এই subnet-এর range 172.162.100.0–172.162.100.31, তাই broadcast address 172.162.100.31।
(v) Hosts per Subnet:
Total address = 25 = 32। Valid host = 32 − 2 = 30 (network ও broadcast বাদ দিয়ে)
Combined 3 Bank , AE(IT)/ AHME/ SO, 2021
Combined 3 Bank (SBL,JBL,RBL)
Post: AE(IT)/ AHME/ SO
Exam Date: 24/12/2021, Exam Taker: ANZA
(i) What is Net id and Host id?
(ii) What is network address and broadcast address?
(ii) What is network size?
(iv) If this classless IP address is used to classfull IP address what will be the class?
(i) Net ID and Host ID:
The CIDR notation /20 means the first 20 bits are for the Net ID and the remaining 12 bits are for the Host ID.
Net ID (first 20 bits): 105.38.80.0/20
Host ID (remaining 12 bits) represents the specific host in the network.
(ii) Network Address and Broadcast Address:
Network Address: Set all host bits to 0.
=>105.38.80.0 (first 20 bits).
Broadcast Address: Set all host bits to 1.
=>105.38.95.255 (last 12 bits as 1).
(iii) Network Size:
12 host bits: 2^12 = 4096 total addresses.
Usable addresses: 4096 – 2 = 4094 (since network and broadcast are reserved).
(iv) Classful IP Address:
The first octet 105 in binary is 01101001, which starts with 0.
This indicates the address is Class A (1.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255).
Gantt Chart:
Average Time: 25/4 = 6.25
Examples
Impact: Dot matrix printer, Daisy wheel printer,
Non Impact: Inkjet printer, Laser printer
- All links are 1.536 Mbps
- Each link uses TDM with 24 slots/sec
- 500msec to establish end to end circuit.
Each circuit has a transmission rate of (1.536 Mbps)/24 = 64kbps
It takes 640,000 bits/64 kbps = 10 seconds to transmit the file.
To this time, we have to add the time taken to establish the connection. That makes it 10.5 seconds.
Given:
- Hit Ratio = 75% = 0.75
- RAM Access Time = 10 ns = 10 × 10-9 seconds
- SSD Access Time = 10 ms = 10 × 10-3 seconds
We Know
Miss Ratio = 1 – Hit Ratio = 1 – 0.75 = 0.25
Calculation:
= 7.5 × 10-9 + 2.5 × 10-3
= 0.0000000075 + 0.0025 = 0.0025000075 seconds
Average Access Time ≈ 2.5 milliseconds
ER-Diagram:
Schema Diagram:
Merge Sort Algorithm
Merge Sort is a divide and conquer algorithm. It recursively splits an array into two halves, sorts each half, and then merges the sorted halves back together.
Merge Sort Function
void MergeSort(int A[], int p, int r) {
if (p < r) {
int q = (p + r) / 2; // Find the middle index
MergeSort(A, p, q); // Recursively sort the left half
MergeSort(A, q + 1, r); // Recursively sort the right half
merge(A, p, q, r); // Merge the sorted halves
}
}
Merge Function
void merge(int A[], int p, int q, int r) {
int n1 = q - p + 1;
int n2 = r - q;
int L[n1], R[n2];
// Copy data into temporary arrays
for (int i = 0; i < n1; i++) L[i] = A[p + i];
for (int j = 0; j < n2; j++) R[j] = A[q + 1 + j];
int i = 0, j = 0, k = p;
// Merge the two subarrays
while (i < n1 && j < n2) {
if (L[i] <= R[j]) A[k++] = L[i++];
else A[k++] = R[j++];
}
// Copy remaining elements of L[]
while (i < n1) A[k++] = L[i++];
// Copy remaining elements of R[]
while (j < n2) A[k++] = R[j++];
}
Physical Address Space = 64MB = \(2^{26}\text{B}\)
Virtual Address = 32-bits, \(\therefore\) Virtual Address Space = \(2^{32}\text{B}\)
Page Size = 4KB = \(2^{12}\text{B}\)
Number of pages = \(\frac{2^{32}}{2^{12}} = 2^{20}\) pages.
Number of frames = \(\frac{2^{26}}{2^{12}} = 2^{14}\) frames.
\(\therefore\) Page Table Size = \(2^{20} \times 14\text{-bits} \approx 2^{20} \times 16\text{-bits} \approx 2^{20} \times 2\text{B} = 2\text{MB}\).
Janata Bank Limited, ASA, 2021
Janata Bank Limited
Post: Assistant System Administrator
Exam Date: 20/12/2021, Exam Taker: CTI
mkdir A
chmod 400 A
cp -r A P
The language is:
{ w | w contains at least two a’s, OR exactly two b’s }
Regular Expressions:
Strings with at least two a’s:
(b|a)* a (b|a)* a (b|a)*
Strings with exactly two b’s:
a* b a* b a*
Combined Regular Expression (Union):
((a|b)*a(a|b)*a(a|b)*) | (a*b a*b a*)
a. What is the subnet mask of the above IP address?
b. How many host per subnet have?
c. What is the Broadcast address of this 10.20.30.0/3 IP address?
Given:
IP Address = 10.20.30.0/25
a) Subnet Mask
A /25 prefix means 25 bits are used for the network.
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.128
Binary form:
11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000
b) Number of hosts per subnet
Host bits = 32 − 25 = 7 bits
Total IP addresses per subnet = 27 = 128
Usable hosts = 128 − 2 = 126 hosts
(2 addresses are reserved for network and broadcast)
c) Broadcast address
With /25, each subnet block size = 128.
Subnet range:
10.20.30.0 → 10.20.30.127
Network address = 10.20.30.0
Broadcast address = 10.20.30.127
Usable host range:
10.20.30.1 – 10.20.30.126
Final Answers:
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Subnet Mask | 255.255.255.128 |
| Hosts per subnet | 126 usable hosts |
| Broadcast Address | 10.20.30.127 |
i. Draw ER diagram
Given:
Jobs: J1 = 90K, J2 = 20K, J3 = 50K, J4 = 200K
Blocks: B1 = 50K, B2 = 100K, B3 = 90K, B4 = 200K, B5 = 50K
1) First Fit Method
In First Fit, each job is placed in the first block that is large enough.
Step by step:
J1 = 90K → first block that fits is B2 = 100K
Remaining in B2 = 10K
J2 = 20K → first block that fits is B1 = 50K
Remaining in B1 = 30K
J3 = 50K → first block that fits is B3 = 90K
Remaining in B3 = 40K
J4 = 200K → first block that fits is B4 = 200K
Remaining in B4 = 0K
First Fit Allocation Table:
| Job | Size | Allocated Block | Block Size | Unused Space |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| J1 | 90K | B2 | 100K | 10K |
| J2 | 20K | B1 | 50K | 30K |
| J3 | 50K | B3 | 90K | 40K |
| J4 | 200K | B4 | 200K | 0K |
2) Best Fit Method
In Best Fit, each job is placed in the smallest block that can hold it.
Step by step:
J1 = 90K → best block is B3 = 90K
Remaining in B3 = 0K
J2 = 20K → best block is B1 = 50K
Remaining in B1 = 30K
J3 = 50K → best block is B5 = 50K
Remaining in B5 = 0K
J4 = 200K → best block is B4 = 200K
Remaining in B4 = 0K
Best Fit Allocation Table:
| Job | Size | Allocated Block | Block Size | Unused Space |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| J1 | 90K | B3 | 90K | 0K |
| J2 | 20K | B1 | 50K | 30K |
| J3 | 50K | B5 | 50K | 0K |
| J4 | 200K | B4 | 200K | 0K |
Final Answer:
First Fit allocation:
J1 → B2, J2 → B1, J3 → B3, J4 → B4
Best Fit allocation:
J1 → B3, J2 → B1, J3 → B5, J4 → B4
| Process | Burst Time | Arrival Time |
|---|---|---|
| P1 | 10 | 3 |
| P2 | 1 | 1 |
| P3 | 2 | 3 |
| P4 | 1 | 4 |
| P5 | 5 | 2 |
(i) Average waiting time for FCFS
(ii) Preemptive SJF
(iii) Round Robin (Quantum time: 3) scheduling algorithm
Given:
Surfaces = 4
Tracks per surface = 64
Sectors per track = 128
Bytes per sector = 256 bytes
Disk Capacity Formula:
Capacity = Surfaces × Tracks per surface × Sectors per track × Bytes per sector
Total sectors = 4 × 64 × 128
= 256 × 128
= 32,768 sectors
Total capacity = 32,768 × 256 bytes
= 8,388,608 bytes
Convert to MB:
1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes
8,388,608 ÷ 1,048,576 = 8 MB
Answer:
Disk Capacity ≈ 8 MB
abstract class Player {
String name;
Player(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
abstract double average();
String displayType(String type) {
return "Player Type: " + type;
}
}
Dijkstra(G, s)
for each vertex v in G
dist[v] = infinity
visited[v] = false
dist[s] = 0
for i = 1 to number of vertices
u = vertex with minimum dist[u] among unvisited vertices
visited[u] = true
for each neighbor v of u
if visited[v] == false and dist[u] + w(u,v) < dist[v]
dist[v] = dist[u] + w(u,v)
return dist
Non-Dept (5*10-50)
1. রচনাঃ সামাজিক মূল্যবোধ বৃদ্ধিতে দেশীয় সংস্কৃতির গুরুত্ব ব্যাখ্যা কর।
2. Write an Essay: climate change impact in Bangladesh.
3. Bangla to English Translation:
4. English to Bangla Translation::
5.Short Question [5*2-10]
a.SWIFT full form.
b.Which international organization help Rohingya?
c. Where “Golden Gate” Situated?
Rupali Bank PLC, ANE, 2021
Rupali Bank PLC
Post: Assistant Network Engineer
Exam Date: 15-01-2022, Exam Taker: CTI
(i) What is the capacity of disk pack?
(ii) If the format overhead is 32 bytes per sector, what is the formatted disk space?
(iii)If the disk is rotating at 3600 RPM, what is the data transfer rate?
What is the capacity of the disk pack?
Answer:
Capacity of disk pack = Total number of surfaces × Number of tracks per surface × Number of sectors per track × Number of bytes per sector
= 16 × 128 × 256 × 512 bytes = 256 MB
If the format overhead is 32 bytes per sector, what is the formatted disk space?
Answer:
Total number of sectors = Total number of surfaces × Number of tracks per surface × Number of sectors per track
= 16 × 128 × 256 sectors = 219 sectors
Number of bits required to address the sector = 19 bits
Formatting overhead = Total number of sectors × Overhead per sector
= 219 × 32 bytes = 219 × 25 bytes = 224 bytes = 16 MB
Formatted disk space = Total disk space – Formatting overhead
= 256 MB – 16 MB = 240 MB
If the disk is rotating at 3600 RPM, what is the data transfer rate?
Answer:
Number of rotations in one second = (3600 / 60) rotations/sec = 60 rotations/sec
Data transfer rate = Number of heads × Capacity of one track × Number of rotations in one second
= 16 × (256 × 512 bytes) × 60
= 24 × 28 × 29 × 60 bytes/sec
= 60 × 221 bytes/sec = 120 Mbps
2. Job arrival time and execution time of Operating system tasks table is given, find out
| Job | Arrival Time | Execution Time |
|---|---|---|
| A | 0 | 10 |
| B | 3 | 7 |
| C | 5 | 3 |
Average waiting time
Transmission rate = (1.5 Mbps) / 16 = (1.5 x 106) / 16 Kbps
Now, the time to send data is:
Time = file size / transmission rate + delay
Substituting the values:
Time = (2 × 500,000 × 16) / (1.5 × 106) + 300 / 1000 = 10.7 sec
In order: 20, 30,35, 40,45, 50, 55, 65, 75
Preorder: 50, 40, 30, 20, 35, 45, 65, 55, 70
50
/ \
40 65
/ \ / \
30 45 55 75
/ \
20 35
Procedure sumNodes(Node* root)
int sumNodes(Node* root)
{
if (root == NULL)
return 0;
return root->data + sumNodes(root->left) + sumNodes(root->right);
}Sample Input: 192.168.0.0
Sample Output: Class C
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;
// Function to determine the class of an IPv4 address
string getIPAddressClass(const string& ipAddress) {
stringstream ss(ipAddress);
string token;
// Get the first octet
getline(ss, token, '.');
// Convert first octet to integer
int firstOctet = stoi(token);
// Determine class
if (firstOctet >= 1 && firstOctet <= 127) {
return "Class A";
}
else if (firstOctet >= 128 && firstOctet <= 191) {
return "Class B";
}
else if (firstOctet >= 192 && firstOctet <= 223) {
return "Class C";
}
else if (firstOctet >= 224 && firstOctet <= 239) {
return "Class D";
}
else if (firstOctet >= 240 && firstOctet <= 255) {
return "Class E";
}
else {
return "Invalid IP address";
}
}
int main() {
string ipAddress;
cin >> ipAddress;
string ipAddressClass = getIPAddressClass(ipAddress);
cout << "IP Address: " << ipAddress
<< " belongs to " << ipAddressClass << endl;
return 0;
}
First, calculate the number of required bits for each subnet:
- For 4000 hosts: Needs at least 12 bits for host portion (212 = 4096).
- For 2000 hosts: Needs at least 11 bits for host portion (211 = 2048).
- For 6000 hosts: Needs at least 13 bits for host portion (213 = 8192).
- For 8000 hosts: Needs at least 13 bits for host portion (213 = 8192).
Subnet Calculations:
Department C (6000 hosts)
Subnet Mask: 172.16.0.0/19 (because 32 – 13 = 19 bits for network portion).
Subnet Range: 172.16.0.0 – 172.16.31.255
First IP: 172.16.0.1
Last IP: 172.16.31.254
Department D (8000 hosts)
Subnet Mask: 172.16.32.0/19 (same as above).
Subnet Range: 172.16.32.0 – 172.16.63.255
First IP: 172.16.32.1
Last IP: 172.16.63.254
Department A (4000 hosts)
Subnet Mask: 172.16.64.0/20 (because 32 – 12 = 20 bits for network portion).
Subnet Range: 172.16.64.0 – 172.16.79.255
First IP: 172.16.64.1
Last IP: 172.16.79.254
Department B (2000 hosts)
Subnet Mask: 172.16.80.0/21 (because 32 – 11 = 21 bits for network portion).
Subnet Range: 172.16.80.0 – 172.16.95.255
First IP: 172.16.80.1
Last IP: 172.16.95.254
(i) Find out the logical expression in Sum of product for 2bit binary input.
i) For 2 bit binary, we can find 00, 01, 10, 11 and the equivalent decimal value is
0,1,2,3.
Now, For Binary= 00 (Decimal= 0)= abcdef is high
For Binary= 01 (Decimal=1)= bc is high
For Binary= 10 (Decimal=2) = abged is high
For Binary=11 (Decimal=3)= abgcd is high
(i) Draw ER diagram
(ii) Convert the ER diagram to relations(Table)
ER Diagram → Relational Tables Conversion
Below is the relational schema (tables) derived from the ER diagram.
1. Coach Table
Coach(Coach_ID, Coach_name)
* Primary Key: Coach_ID
2. Team Table
Team(Team_ID, Team_name, Coach_ID)
* Primary Key: Team_ID
* Foreign Key: Coach_ID → Coach(Coach_ID)
3. Player Table
Player(Player_ID, Player_name, Player_position, Team_ID)
* Primary Key: Player_ID
* Foreign Key: Team_ID → Team(Team_ID)
4. Stadium Table
Stadium(Stadium_ID, Stadium_name, Stadium_location)
* Primary Key: Stadium_ID
5. Game Table
Game(Game_no, Game_name, Game_time)
* Primary Key: Game_no
6. Match Table
Match(Match_ID, Match_date, Match_result, Stadium_ID, Game_no)
* Primary Key: Match_ID
* Foreign Key:
* Stadium_ID → Stadium(Stadium_ID)
* Game_no → Game(Game_no)
(a) Increased High Costs
(b) Draining Battery of devices
(c) Increased infrastructure development cost
8. Below tables are given, Employee (employee_id, name, salary, department) Leave
(employee_id, date, reason, no_leaves) Holiday (Date, description)
SELECT employee_id, COUNT(employee_id)
FROM Leave
GROUP BY employee_id;
SELECT *
FROM employee
WHERE employee_id IN (
SELECT employee_id
FROM leave
GROUP BY employee_id
HAVING COUNT(employee_id) > 5
);
Topic wise question analysis
Computer Architecture
- Why do modern processor designs favor multistage pipeline approach over single cycle implementation? Explain with appropriate reasoning. (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2026)
- A system has a very fast CPU but slow main memory, explain how memory hierarchy helps reduce the performance gap between CPU and memory. (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2026)
- Difference between Multi computer system and multi computer processor. What I pipelining? Explain 4 stages of the pipeline. Describe PPI. (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2024)
- Suppose we have a 16 KB of data in a direct mapped cache with 4 word blocks. Determine the size of the tag, index and offset fields if we are using a 32-bit architecture. (Bangladesh Bank, 2023)
- What do you mean by memory organization? Write the different between SRAM and DRAM. (Combined Bank, 2023)
- Discuss the factors that affect the Speed of a CPU. (Rupali Bank, 2023)
- What is the difference between SRAM and DRAM? (Microcredit Regulatory Authority, 2022)
- Explain four type of Register. (Microcredit Regulatory Authority, 2022)
- Hits ratio 75%, RAM time 10 ns , SSD time 10 ms for each instruction. Calcualte access time. (Combined 3 Bank, 2021)
- Consider a machine with 64 MB physical memory and a 32 bit virtual address space. If the page size is 4 KB, what is the approximate size of the page table. (Combined 3 Bank, 2021)
- Consider a hard disk with: 4 surfaces, 64 tracks/surface, 128 sectors/track, 256 ytes/sector, what is the capacity of the hard disk? (Janata Bank Limited, 2021)
Computer Networking
- Explain packet switching. A packet passes through 4 routers with each router introducing 2 ms processing delay. Transmission delay per link is 5 ms. Calculate total end-to-end delay (ignore propagation). (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2026)
- Differentiate between IPv4 and IPv6. Given the IP address 192.168.10.0/24, calculate. Number of subnets if borrowed bits = 3 and hosts per subnet. (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2026)
- Tabular representation of TCP/IP model, function of each layer, protocols related to each layer, device and software’s. Different types of network firewall. Advantage of NGFW over traditional firewall. (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2024)
- Describe the different types of Multiplexing. (Combined Bank, 2023)
- Explain parity method for error detection. Write down the bit strings of "Delta" using ASCII. (Bangladesh Bank, 2023)
- Suppose that a digitized TV picture is to be transmitted from a source that uses a matrix of 480 times 500 picture elements (pixels), where each pixel can take on one of 32 intensity values. Assume that 30 pictures are sent per second. Find the source rate R (bps). (Bangladesh Bank, 2023)
- One of the drawbacks of a small packet size is that a large function of link bandwidth is consumed by overhead bytes. To this end, supposed that the packet consists of P bytes and 5 bytes of header. Consider sending a digitally encoded voice source directly. Suppose the source is encoded a constant rate of 128 kbps. Assume each packet is entirely filled before the source sends the packet into the network. The time required to fill a packet is the packetization delay. Determine the packetization delay for length L = 1500 bytes. (Bangladesh Bank, 2023)
- What is Network Topology? Distinguish between Bus, Ring, Tree and Star topology. Discuss how the Bus topology works. (Rupali Bank, 2023)
- What is the main benefit of broadband transmission system compared to baseband? What is the attenuation of transmission media? Distinguish between twisted pair, co-axial cable and fiber optics in tabular form. (Rupali Bank, 2023)
- Differentiate between OSI Model and TCP/IP Model. Draw the diagram of 4 Layers of TCP/IP Model including the main function of each layer and related protocols. List some basic functions performed at MAC layer. (Rupali Bank, 2023)
- Write down the basic differences of the following: (i) Public vs Private IP address (ii) TLS 1.2 vs. 1.3 (Rupali Bank, 2023)
- Differentiate between Collision Domain and Broadcast Domain in computer network. What is the function of DNS and DHCP? (Rupali Bank, 2023)
- Do you prefer packet switching compared to circuit switching in communication network? If Yes, why? How does packet switching work step by step? What applications use packet switching? (Rupali Bank, 2023)
- What do you mean by Subnet and Subnet Mask? The network address 172.16.0.0/19 provides how many subnets and hosts? What is the function of OSPF? (Rupali Bank, 2023)
- Convert the decimal IP address 192.168.101.5 into binary IP address. Fill-up the following in tabular form. (Rupali Bank, 2023)
- What is OSI model? Describe briefly about OSI model layer? Difference between OSI and TCP IP layer? (The Security Printing Corporation Bangladesh Ltd., 2022)
- What is Subnet mask and Localhost IP address? (The Security Printing Corporation Bangladesh Ltd., 2022)
- Difference between TCP and UDP, HTTP and HTTPs. (The Security Printing Corporation Bangladesh Ltd., 2022)
- What is IPv6? Why IPv6 needed? (The Security Printing Corporation Bangladesh Ltd., 2022)
- What is multiplexing? Describe different type of multiplexing? (The Security Printing Corporation Bangladesh Ltd., 2022)
- Write connection type? i. Router to Router ii. Router to switch iii. Computer to computer iv. Hub to Switch (The Security Printing Corporation Bangladesh Ltd., 2022)
- A network administrator is connecting hosts A and B directly through their Ethernet interfaces, as shown in the illustration. Ping attempts between the hosts are unsuccessful. What can be done to provide connectivity between the hosts? Write some reason how the problem will identify? (The Security Printing Corporation Bangladesh Ltd., 2022)
- An end system sends 50 packets per second using the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) over a full duplex 100 Mbps Ethernet LAN connection. Each packet consists 1500B of Ethernet frame payload data. What is the throughput, when measured at the UDP layer? (Microcredit Regulatory Authority, 2022)
- What is the channel capacity for a tele printer channel with a 300 Hz bandwidth and a for a tele printer channel with a 300 Hz bandwidth and a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 DB? (Microcredit Regulatory Authority, 2022)
- Write Full form: DHCP, POP3, VSAT, and LCD (Insurance Development and Regulatory Authority, 2022)
- What are Public and Private IP? (Insurance Development and Regulatory Authority, 2022)
- An IP address is: 172.162.100.25/27. Now find the following: (i) Network Address? (ii) IP Class (iii) Subnet mask (iv) Broadcast Address (v) Hosts per Subnet (Insurance Development and Regulatory Authority, 2022)
- How dose a Network works? (Insurance Development and Regulatory Authority, 2022)
- What is Network Address Translation? Explain briefly. (Insurance Development and Regulatory Authority, 2022)
- What is SDN? (Insurance Development and Regulatory Authority, 2022)
- A Classless IP Address is: 105.38.89.230/20. Find out the answer of the following question. (i) What is Net id and Host id? (ii) What is network address and broadcast address? (ii) What is network size? (iv) If this classless IP address is used to classfull IP address what will be the class? (Combined 3 Bank SBL,JBL,RBL, 2021)
- What is NAT? Why we used it and how NAT translate? (Combined 3 Bank SBL,JBL,RBL, 2021)
- How long does it take to send a file of 640,000 bits from host A to host B over a circuit-switched network? - All links are 1.536 Mbps - Each link uses TDM with 24 slots/sec - 500msec to establish end to end circuit. (Combined 3 Bank SBL,JBL,RBL, 2021)
- Consider the IP address 10.20.30.0/25 now answer the below question: a. What is the subnet mask of the above IP address? b. How many host per subnet have? c. What is the Broadcast address of this 10.20.30.0/3 IP address? (Janata Bank Limited, 2021)
Operating System
- What are the four necessary conditions for a deadlock to occur? Briefly explain "Circular Wait." (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2026)
- Differentiate between Logical Address and Physical Address in context of Operating System. (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2026)
- Define socket, kernel, process, program, multiprogramming, context switching. Discuss LRU and NRU Page Replacement Algorithms. Illustrate Preemptive Priority scheduling. (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2024)
- Difference between physical memory and virtual memory, also describe the advantages and disadvantages of virtual memory. (Combined Bank, 2023)
- Operating System Round Robin: (Quantum number =3), 4 job (job1, job2, job3, job4), Arrival time: 0,2,8,5; Burst time: 9, 7, 2, 3. What is the average waiting time? (Combined 3 Bank SBL,JBL,RBL, 2021)
- What is Swapping from virtual memory in the primary memory. (Combined 3 Bank SBL,JBL,RBL, 2021)
- What is Deadlock? Explain two situations where deadlock condition occurs. (Janata Bank Limited, 2021)
- In the given example, let us assume the jobs and the memory requirements as the following: Job1 = 90k, Job2 = 20k, Job350k, Job4=200k. Let the free pace memory allocation blocks be: Block1= 50k, Block2= 100k, Block3=90k, Block4=200k, Block5 50k. Now show Best Fit Method and first fit method memory allocation. (Janata Bank Limited, 2021)
- Calculate The Average Waiting Time of SJF scheduling algorithm. Process P1 Burst Time 10 Arrival Time 3, P2 Burst Time 1 Arrival Time 1, P3 Burst Time 2 Arrival Time 3, P4 Burst Time 1 Arrival Time 4, P5 Burst Time 5 Arrival Time 2. (i) Average waiting time for FCFS (ii) Preemptive SJF (iii) Round Robin (Quantum time: 3) scheduling algorithm (Janata Bank Limited, 2021)
Cyber Security
- Why is "Atomicity" specifically critical for an Inter-Bank Fund Transfer? (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2026)
- What are HTTP Cookies? How can cookies be a security risk? (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2026)
- A bank's internal audit reveals that several employees share a single "Superuser" password to update customer accounts. Furthermore, the bank's policy requires daily backups, but the audit shows backups are only being done weekly. i. Identify the Policy violation regarding account access. the backup schedule. ii. Explain the Compliance failure regarding the backup schedule. (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2026)
- Your bank has an online banking system and this process is performed by sending OTP in mobile or OTP in mail when a customer transfers money from mobile banking app or online. This is a secured policy. Without this biometric policy how you can more secure your online banking. Explain your strategy. (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2024)
- Your bank wants to secure an e-banking online system and wants to configure a web server in your data center. What kind of tools and technology you use for this? (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2024)
- What is meant by Encryption and Decryption? What is Cyber security? Write down the top 10 cyber attack. (Combined Bank, 2023)
- A bank has association with two different service providers as their payment gateways. The bank hires Mr. X to audit the payment gateway based on risk and threat detection. Which possible scenarios Mr. X will face? (Bangladesh Bank, 2023)
- Draw a diagram of LAN including network Firewall. Why is firewall important in network security? List 5 major types of network firewalls. Differentiate between Traditional Firewall and Next Generation Firewall. (Rupali Bank, 2023)
- Distinguish between Symmetric Encryption and Asymmetric Encryption. Give some examples of encryption algorithm. What are the different types of ciphers in cryptography? What are the factors to be considered for cryptographic strength? (Rupali Bank, 2023)
- Write Short note: NAT, Ransomware, and Firewall. (The Security Printing Corporation Bangladesh Ltd., 2022)
- What is computer virus? Write three antivirus software names? (The Security Printing Corporation Bangladesh Ltd., 2022)
- What is Digital Signature? Explain Shortly. (Microcredit Regulatory Authority, 2022)
- Write down the difference between Active and Passive Attack. (Microcredit Regulatory Authority, 2022)
- Explain Confidentiality and integrity. Can you have integrity without confidentiality? Justify your answer. (Combined 3 Bank SBL,JBL,RBL, 2021)
Cloud Computing, Data Center & Server
- An increasing number of organizations in industry and business sectors adopt" cloud computing. List 5 key enabling technologies of cloud computing. (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2026)
- You have been hired as a Cloud Data Engineer to design a big data analytes pipeline for an e-commerce company. The company needs to: Ingest millions of real-time web server logs, Store and manage petabytes of raw and structured data, Process data for batch and stream analytics, Provide near real-time product recommendations, Run machine learning models at scale, (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2026)
- From the following Hadoop ecosystem components: MapReduce, HDFS, YARN, HBase, ZooKeeper, Pig, Hive, Mahout, Chukwa, Cassandra, Avro, Oozie, Flume, Sqoop Identify five components from the list that you would use to design this pipeline. Justify the role of each chosen component in this scenario, focusing on its functionality. (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2026)
- To maintain a data center cooling system sometimes we need a generator. Which type of generator you prefer according to fuel, cost, energy, and budget. (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2024)
- Your bank wants to transform your full data center into a cloud. Now sketch your strategy and plan to implicate this procedure. (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2024)
- What is RAID technology? Why it's important Server in data center? (Combined Bank, 2023)
- Describe the most important factors of data center for banking organization. (Combined Bank, 2023)
- Explain IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS with respect to cloud computing. (Bangladesh Bank, 2023)
- Define a virtual machine with a neat diagram, explain the working of VM. What are the benefits of a VM? (Bangladesh Bank, 2023)
- What are the challenges in optimizing energy efficiency of data centers? Explain! (Bangladesh Bank, 2023)
- What are the key hardware components that make up a typical server, and how they contribute to its overall performance and functionality? (Rupali Bank, 2023)
- In the context of data management, what are the primary differences between data recovery and data backup? Provide real-world examples of when each is employed effectively. (Rupali Bank, 2023)
- Discuss server maintenance best practices, including routine tasks like cleaning, monitoring, and applying security patches. How do these practices contribute to server longevity and performance? (Rupali Bank, 2023)
DBMS / Database
- Analyze the output of the following SQL: SELECT department_name, AVG(salary) AS average_salary FROM employees e JOIN departments d ON e.department_id = d.department_id WHERE salary > ( SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees WHERE department_id = d.department_id ) GROUP BY department_name HAVING COUNT(*) > 2 ORDER BY average_salary DESC; (Rupali Bank, 2023)
- From an E-R , Draw the schema diagram also indicate primary key with mapping constraints. (Combined 3 Bank SBL,JBL,RBL, 2021)
- Given a scenario about football Game (Game_no, game time, game_name), Team (team-id, coach_id, team-name), Coach (Coach-id, Coach-name) Player (player-id, palyer- name, player-position), Stadium information (stadium-id, stadium-name, stadium-loc) Match (match_id, match date, match_result). i. Draw ER diagram (Janata Bank Limited, 2021)
Programming, Algorithm & Theory of Computation
- Find the output of the following program including time and space complexity. (Rupali Bank, 2023)
- What is the difference between object oriented programming and procedural object programming. (Combined 3 Bank SBL,JBL,RBL, 2021)
- Write Merge short function. (Combined 3 Bank SBL,JBL,RBL, 2021)
- Write Shell command which make a folder name 'A' with read permission access only. (Janata Bank Limited, 2021)
- Write Shell command which copy folder 'A' all information into folder 'P'. Folder 'A' and folder 'P's parent folder is same. (Janata Bank Limited, 2021)
- Give regular expressions that generate, The language {w|w contains at least two a's, or exactly two b's}. (Janata Bank Limited, 2021)
- An Abstract class Player with two sub class Bowler and Batsman, Abstract class have me abstract method average, also have constructor and a string function that display ame bowler or batsman. Batsman class implement abstract function average and isplay result, Batsman class have run and number match data. Now write a Java rogram and show Batsman average run. (Janata Bank Limited, 2021)
- Shortest Path Algorithm. (Janata Bank Limited, 2021)
Digital Logic Design / Electronics
- Simplify the following boolean expression using 4 variable K-map F(A, B,C,D)=m(0,3,5,7,8,10,11,12,13,14,15). (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2026)
- Draw logic circuit for the Boolean Expression Q= (A’B + BC (B+C)’)’ and find value of Q when (A, B, C) = (1, 0, 1). (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2024)
- Describe the important characteristics of digital IC's. (Combined Bank, 2023)
- Describe cut off, saturation and active region of operation of a transistor with diagram. Explain the working principal of ab n-channel JFET with various values of Vas and Vds. (Bangladesh Bank, 2023)
- Design a 8*1 MUX and explain the working procedure. (Microcredit Regulatory Authority, 2022)
- Make a boolean expression using Karnaugh map: ∑m = (3,5,7,9,11,13,14,15) (Combined 3 Bank SBL,JBL,RBL, 2021)
Web Technology
- In web technology what do the following status code categories represent? Give some specific example for each. i. 2xx 11. 4xx iii. 5xx (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2026)
- Explain the role of CSS Media Queries and the Viewport Meta Tag in creating responsive applications. What is the "Mobile-First" approach? (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2026)
Software Engineering, Testing, Audit & IT Governance
- What is policy, guideline and procedure? Why should the auditor maintain control as policy? Explain different types of audit risks that the auditor should follow when he will audit. (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2024)
- Verification and validation are two process areas at CMMI level 3. For both of these areas (a) provide a definition (b) a description of how you can fulfill these areas in your software testing activities. (Bangladesh Bank, 2023)
- Write down the difference between Black Box and White Box Testing? (Microcredit Regulatory Authority, 2022)
ICT, Digital Banking & Banking Technology
- Describe the transformative power of ICT with ten innovative for the online banking system. (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2024)
- What is digital banking and how does it differ from traditional banking? How digital banking promote financial inclusion? (Combined Bank, 2023)
Mathematics / Aptitude
- A machine produces defective items at a rate of 25% IT items are selected, what is the probability that at least one item is defective? (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2026)
- At a bank's annual maintenance engineering conference, there are 10 engineers a room. If every engineer shakes hands with every other engineer exactly unce what is the total number of handshakes that take place? (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2026)
Electrical / Basic Engineering
- What is the main disadvantage of a fuse compared to a Circuit Breaker? (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2026)
- You need to protect a small heater rated at 2.4 kW connected to a 240 V single- phase supply. What is the minimum current rating of the fuse you should use? (Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution, 2026)
Computer Fundamentals / Office / Utility
- Difference between impact and nonimpact printer with example. (Combined 3 Bank SBL,JBL,RBL, 2021)
- An administrator installed a utility in his pc. But the utility does not open automatically when the computer starts. What will be the solution for the problem? (The Security Printing Corporation Bangladesh Ltd., 2022)
- Write shortcut command for following work? i. Printing a document ii. Ppt Slide start & exit. iii. Increase font size. (The Security Printing Corporation Bangladesh Ltd., 2022)
