Combined 3 Banks/FI, AE(IT)/ AME, 2026ok

Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution

Post: Assistant Engineer(IT)/ AME
Job ID: 10207; Exam Date: 24.01.2026

1(i) Why do modern processor designs favor multistage pipeline approach over single cycle implementation? Explain with appropriate reasoning.

Single Cycle Processor :

All steps of an instruction (fetch, decode, execute, memory, write back) are completed in one clock cycle.
Clock cycle must be long enough to complete the slowest instruction.

Multistage Pipeline Processor :

Instruction execution is divided into multiple stages (fetch, decode, execute, etc.).
Multiple instructions are processed simultaneously in different stages.

Why Modern Processors Prefer Multistage Pipeline:

Higher Throughput: Multiple instructions execute in parallel → more work done in less time.
Faster Clock Speed: Each stage does small work → shorter clock cycle.
Efficient Hardware Usage: Different units work at the same time → better utilization.
Less Idle Time: Hardware is continuously active unlike single cycle.
Supports Parallelism: Enables instruction-level parallelism (ILP).
Better Performance: Overall execution is faster than single cycle design.

Single Cycle Processor :

একটি instruction-এর সব ধাপ (fetch, decode, execute, memory, write back) একটি clock cycle-এ সম্পন্ন হয়।
Clock cycle এমনভাবে সেট করতে হয় যাতে সবচেয়ে ধীর instruction সম্পন্ন হয়।

Multistage Pipeline Processor :

Instruction execution-কে একাধিক stage-এ ভাগ করা হয় (fetch, decode, execute ইত্যাদি)।
একই সময়ে ভিন্ন stage-এ একাধিক instruction process হয়।

Modern Processor কেন Multistage Pipeline ব্যবহার করে:

উচ্চ Throughput: একসাথে একাধিক instruction execute হয় → সময় কম লাগে।
দ্রুত Clock Speed: প্রতিটি stage ছোট কাজ করে → clock cycle ছোট হয়।
Hardware এর ভালো ব্যবহার: সব unit একসাথে কাজ করে → efficiency বাড়ে।
Idle Time কম: Single cycle-এর মতো hardware idle থাকে না।
Parallelism: instruction-level parallelism (ILP) সম্ভব হয়।
উচ্চ Performance: overall execution দ্রুত হয়।

1(ii) A system has a very fast CPU but slow main memory, explain how memory hierarchy helps reduce the performance gap between CPU and memory.

Memory Hierarchy :

Memory hierarchy is an arrangement of different types of memory (Cache, RAM, Secondary Storage) based on speed, cost, and size.
Faster memory is placed closer to CPU and slower memory is placed farther away.

How It Reduces CPU–Memory Gap:

Use of Cache Memory: Frequently used data is stored in Cache (very fast) → CPU accesses data quickly.
Temporal Locality: Recently used data is likely to be used again → kept in cache.
Spatial Locality: Nearby data is also loaded → reduces repeated memory access.
Reduced Access Time: CPU mostly accesses cache instead of slow main memory.
Layered Access: If data not in cache → check RAM → then secondary storage.
Improved Performance: Overall system speed increases by minimizing slow memory access.

Memory Hierarchy :

Memory hierarchy হলো বিভিন্ন ধরনের memory (Cache, RAM, Secondary Storage)-এর একটি বিন্যাস, যা speed, cost এবং size অনুযায়ী সাজানো হয়।
দ্রুত memory CPU-এর কাছে থাকে এবং ধীর memory দূরে থাকে।

কিভাবে CPU–Memory gap কমায়:

Cache Memory ব্যবহার: বেশি ব্যবহৃত data Cache-এ রাখা হয় → CPU দ্রুত access করতে পারে।
Temporal Locality: সম্প্রতি ব্যবহৃত data আবার ব্যবহার হওয়ার সম্ভাবনা বেশি → cache-এ রাখা হয়।
Spatial Locality: কাছাকাছি data একসাথে load হয় → বারবার memory access কমে।
Access Time কমে: CPU বেশি সময় cache ব্যবহার করে → slow RAM কম ব্যবহার হয়।
Layer অনুযায়ী access: Cache → RAM → Secondary Storage এইভাবে খোঁজা হয়।
Performance বৃদ্ধি: slow memory access কমিয়ে overall system দ্রুত হয়।

2(i) Explain packet switching. A packet passes through 4 routers with each router introducing 2 ms processing delay. Transmission delay per link is 5 ms. Calculate total end-to-end delay (ignore propagation).

Packet Switching

Packet Switching is a method of data transmission where data is broken into small packets.
Each packet travels independently through the network and may take different paths.
At the destination, packets are reassembled to form the original message.

Packet Switching

Packet Switching হলো একটি data transmission পদ্ধতি যেখানে data-কে ছোট ছোট packet-এ ভাগ করা হয়।
প্রতিটি packet আলাদা পথে independently network দিয়ে যায়।
শেষে destination-এ packet গুলো reassemble করে মূল data তৈরি করা হয়।

End-to-End Delay Calculation:

Number of routers = 4
Processing delay per router = 2 ms → Total = 4 × 2 = 8 ms
Number of links = routers + 1 = 5
Transmission delay per link = 5 ms → Total = 5 × 5 = 25 ms
Total Delay = Processing + Transmission
= 8 ms + 25 ms = 33 ms

2(ii) Differentiate between IPv4 and IPv6. Given the IP address 192.168.10.0/24, calculate. Number of subnets if borrowed bits = 3 and hosts per subnet.

Difference Between IPv4 and IPv6

Subnet Calculation

Given IP: 192.168.10.0/24
Borrowed bits = 3

Number of Subnets = 2³ = 8
New subnet mask = /24 + 3 = /27
Host bits = 32 – 27 = 5
Hosts per subnet = 2⁵ – 2 = 32 – 2 = 30

Final Answer:

Subnets = 8
Hosts per subnet = 30

3(i) Why is "Atomicity" specifically critical for an Inter-Bank Fund Transfer?

Atomicity

Atomicity means a transaction is treated as a single unit → either fully completed or not executed at all.

Reason:

All-or-Nothing Execution: In fund transfer, money must be debited and credited together.
Prevents Data Inconsistency: If debit happens but credit fails → money is lost.
Error Handling: If any step fails, the system performs rollback to restore original state.
Maintains Trust: Ensures reliable banking transactions between two banks.
Avoids Partial Transactions: No situation where one account is updated and the other is not.

Example:

Transfer 1000 Tk from Account A (Bank 1) to Account B (Bank 2).
If system crashes after debit but before credit → without atomicity, money is lost
With atomicity → transaction is rolled back, so no loss

Atomicity:

Atomicity মানে একটি transaction-কে একটি সম্পূর্ণ unit হিসেবে ধরা হয় → সম্পূর্ণ হবে অথবা একেবারেই হবে না।

কারণ:

All-or-Nothing Execution: টাকা transfer-এ debit এবং credit একসাথে হতে হবে।
Data Inconsistency রোধ: যদি debit হয় কিন্তু credit না হয় → টাকা হারিয়ে যাবে।
Error Handling: কোনো step-এ সমস্যা হলে rollback করে আগের অবস্থায় ফেরত যায়।
Trust বজায় রাখা: দুই bank-এর মধ্যে reliable transaction নিশ্চিত করে।
Partial Transaction এড়ানো: এক account update হয়ে অন্যটা না হওয়ার সমস্যা থাকে না।

উদাহরণ:

Account A (Bank 1) থেকে Account B (Bank 2)-তে 1000 টাকা পাঠানো হলো।
Debit হওয়ার পর system crash হলে → atomicity না থাকলে টাকা হারাবে
Atomicity থাকলে → transaction rollback হবে → টাকা সুরক্ষিত থাকবে

3(ii) A bank's ATM network experiences an average of 4 hours of downtime every 30 days due to server maintenance and network glitches. Calculate the System Availability percentage for the month. If the bank processes an average of 500 transactions per hour with an average fee of Taka 0.50 per transaction, calculate the total revenue loss during this downtime.

Total Time in a Month

30 days = 30 × 24 = 720 hours
Downtime = 4 hours

Availability Calculation

Availability = [(Total Time − Downtime) / Total Time] × 100
= [(720 − 4) / 720] × 100
= (716 / 720) × 100 ≈ 99.44%

Revenue Loss

Transactions per hour = 500
Fee per transaction = 0.50 Tk
Loss per hour = 500 × 0.50 = 250 Tk
Total loss = 250 × 4 = 1000 Tk

3(iii) What are the four necessary conditions for a deadlock to occur? Briefly explain "Circular Wait."

Four Necessary Conditions for Deadlock

Mutual Exclusion: At least one resource must be held in a non-shareable mode.
Hold and Wait: A process holds at least one resource and waits for others.
No Preemption: Resources cannot be forcibly taken; must be released voluntarily.
Circular Wait: A set of processes are waiting for each other in a circular chain.

Circular Wait (Explanation):

In circular wait, each process is waiting for a resource held by another process.
This forms a cycle (e.g., P1 → P2 → P3 → P1).
None of the processes can proceed, causing a deadlock.

Example:

P1 holds R1 and waits for R2
P2 holds R2 and waits for R3
P3 holds R3 and waits for R1

Deadlock হওয়ার চারটি শর্ত

Mutual Exclusion: কোনো resource একসাথে একাধিক process ব্যবহার করতে পারে না।
Hold and Wait: একটি process একটি resource ধরে রেখে অন্য resource-এর জন্য অপেক্ষা করে।
No Preemption: resource জোর করে নেওয়া যায় না, process নিজে release করতে হয়।
Circular Wait: process গুলো একে অপরের জন্য circular ভাবে অপেক্ষা করে।

Circular Wait (ব্যাখ্যা):

এখানে প্রতিটি process অন্য process-এর held resource-এর জন্য অপেক্ষা করে।
এটি একটি cycle তৈরি করে (যেমন P1 → P2 → P3 → P1)।
কোনো process এগোতে পারে না → deadlock তৈরি হয়।

উদাহরণ:

P1 এর কাছে R1 আছে, R2-এর জন্য অপেক্ষা করছে
P2 এর কাছে R2 আছে, R3-এর জন্য অপেক্ষা করছে
P3 এর কাছে R3 আছে, R1-এর জন্য অপেক্ষা করছে

4(i) Differentiate between Logical Address and Physical Address in context of Operating System.

Difference Between Logical Address and Physical Address

Definition: Logical Address is generated by CPU; Physical Address is the actual location in memory (RAM).
Visibility: Logical Address is visible to the user/program; Physical Address is not directly visible to the user.
Generation: Logical Address is created during program execution; Physical Address is obtained after address translation.
Translation: Logical Address is converted to Physical Address using MMU (Memory Management Unit).
Address Space: Logical Address Space is virtual; Physical Address Space is real memory.
Access: CPU uses Logical Address; Memory hardware uses Physical Address.

Logical Address এবং Physical Address এর পার্থক্য

সংজ্ঞা: Logical Address CPU তৈরি করে; Physical Address হলো RAM-এর আসল location।
দৃশ্যমানতা: Logical Address program/user দেখতে পারে; Physical Address সরাসরি দেখা যায় না।
উৎপত্তি: Logical Address program চলাকালে তৈরি হয়; Physical Address translation এর পরে পাওয়া যায়।
রূপান্তর: Logical Address কে Physical Address-এ রূপান্তর করে MMU (Memory Management Unit)।
Address Space: Logical Address Space virtual; Physical Address Space বাস্তব memory।
ব্যবহার: CPU Logical Address ব্যবহার করে; Memory hardware Physical Address ব্যবহার করে।

4(ii). What is the main disadvantage of a fuse compared to a Circuit Breaker?

Main Disadvantage of Fuse Compared to Circuit Breaker

One-Time Use: A fuse melts and must be replaced after it blows, while a circuit breaker can be reset and reused.
Convenience: Fuse replacement is time-consuming and requires manual effort.
Control: Circuit breakers can be switched ON/OFF easily, but fuses cannot.
Precision: Circuit breakers provide more accurate protection settings compared to fuses.

Circuit Breaker এর তুলনায় Fuse-এর প্রধান অসুবিধা

একবার ব্যবহারযোগ্য: Fuse একবার পুড়ে গেলে এটি replace করতে হয়, কিন্তু circuit breaker reset করে আবার ব্যবহার করা যায়।
অসুবিধা: Fuse পরিবর্তন করা সময়সাপেক্ষ এবং manual কাজ।
নিয়ন্ত্রণ: Circuit breaker সহজে ON/OFF করা যায়, fuse পারে না।
নির্ভুলতা: Circuit breaker বেশি precise protection দেয়।

4(iii). You need to protect a small heater rated at 2.4 kW connected to a 240 V single- phase supply. What is the minimum current rating of the fuse you should use?

Given:

Power (P) = 2.4 kW = 2400 W
Voltage (V) = 240 V

Calculate Current

I = P / V
I = 2400 / 240 = 10 A

Step 2: Choose Fuse Rating

Fuse rating should be slightly higher than calculated current
So, select next standard value ≈ 13 A

5(i). In web technology what do the following status code categories represent? Give some specific example for each. i. 2xx 11. 4xx iii. 5xx

HTTP Status Code Categories

i. 2xx (Success)

Indicates that the request was successfully received and processed.
Example: 200 OK → Request successful
Example: 201 Created → Resource successfully created

ii. 4xx (Client Error)

Indicates an error from the client side (wrong request).
Example: 400 Bad Request → Invalid request format
Example: 404 Not Found → Requested resource not found

iii. 5xx (Server Error)

Indicates an error from the server side.
Example: 500 Internal Server Error → Server failed to process request
Example: 503 Service Unavailable → Server temporarily unavailable

HTTP Status Code Categories

i. 2xx (Success)

এটি বোঝায় যে request সফলভাবে process হয়েছে।
উদাহরণ: 200 OK → request সফল
উদাহরণ: 201 Created → নতুন resource তৈরি হয়েছে

ii. 4xx (Client Error)

এটি client side error নির্দেশ করে (ভুল request)।
উদাহরণ: 400 Bad Request → ভুল request format
উদাহরণ: 404 Not Found → resource পাওয়া যায়নি

iii. 5xx (Server Error)

এটি server side error নির্দেশ করে।
উদাহরণ: 500 Internal Server Error → server error হয়েছে
উদাহরণ: 503 Service Unavailable → server সাময়িকভাবে বন্ধ

[Source:Mozilla]

5(ii) What are HTTP Cookies? How can cookies be a security risk?

HTTP Cookies

Definition: HTTP Cookies are small pieces of data stored in the user’s browser by a website.
Purpose: Used to store user information such as login session, preferences, and tracking data.
Working: Server sends cookies → Browser stores them → Browser sends them back with future requests.

Security Risks of Cookies

Session Hijacking: If cookies are stolen, attackers can access user accounts.
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): Malicious scripts can read cookies and send them to attackers.
Man-in-the-Middle Attack: Cookies can be intercepted if not encrypted (no HTTPS).
Privacy Issues: Cookies can track user behavior across websites.

HTTP Cookies

সংজ্ঞা: HTTP Cookies হলো ছোট data যা website browser-এ সংরক্ষণ করে।
উদ্দেশ্য: user-এর login session, preferences, tracking data সংরক্ষণে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
কাজের ধরণ: Server cookies পাঠায় → Browser সংরক্ষণ করে → পরবর্তী request-এ আবার server-এ পাঠায়।

Cookies-এর Security Risk

Session Hijacking: cookie চুরি হলে attacker user account access করতে পারে।
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): malicious script cookie চুরি করতে পারে।
Man-in-the-Middle Attack: HTTPS না থাকলে cookie intercept হতে পারে।
Privacy Issue: cookies user-এর browsing behavior track করতে পারে।

6. Simplify the following boolean expression using 4 variable K-map F(A, B,C,D)=m(0,3,5,7,8,10,11,12,13,14,15).

7. An increasing number of organizations in industry and business sectors adopt" cloud computing. List 5 key enabling technologies of cloud computing.

Key Enabling Technologies of Cloud Computing

Virtualization: Allows multiple virtual machines (VMs) to run on a single physical server.
Distributed Computing: Uses multiple interconnected systems to share resources and process data.
High-Speed Internet / Networking: Provides fast and reliable connectivity to access cloud services.
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA): Enables services to communicate and work together over the network.
Data Centers: Large-scale infrastructure with servers and storage to host cloud services.

Cloud Computing-এর প্রধান Enabling Technologies

Virtualization: একটি physical server-এ একাধিক virtual machine (VM) চালাতে সাহায্য করে।
Distributed Computing: একাধিক system একসাথে কাজ করে resource share এবং data process করে।
High-Speed Internet / Networking: দ্রুত ও নির্ভরযোগ্য সংযোগ দেয় cloud service ব্যবহারের জন্য।
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA): বিভিন্ন service একে অপরের সাথে network-এর মাধ্যমে কাজ করতে পারে।
Data Centers: বড় server ও storage infrastructure যেখানে cloud service host করা হয়।

8. You have been hired as a Cloud Data Engineer to design a big data analytes pipeline for an e-commerce company. The company needs to: Ingest millions of real-time web server logs, Store and manage petabytes of raw and structured data, Process data for batch and stream analytics, Provide near real-time product recommendations, Run machine learning models at scale,

Big Data Analytics Pipeline for an E-commerce Company

Recommended Cloud Data Pipeline:

Data Ingestion Layer: Use Apache Kafka / Amazon Kinesis to ingest millions of real-time web server logs.
Storage Layer: Use Data Lake in Amazon S3 / Google Cloud Storage / Azure Data Lake to store petabytes of raw and structured data.
Data Processing Layer: Use Apache Spark for batch processing and Spark Streaming / Apache Flink for stream analytics.
Data Warehouse Layer: Use BigQuery / Snowflake / Amazon Redshift for structured analytics and reporting.
Recommendation Engine: Use real-time analytics + ML models to provide near real-time product recommendations.
Machine Learning Layer: Use SageMaker / Vertex AI / Azure ML to train and deploy ML models at scale.
Orchestration Layer: Use Apache Airflow for workflow scheduling and pipeline automation.
Visualization Layer: Use Power BI / Tableau / Looker to create dashboards and business reports.

How the Pipeline Works:

Web server logs are collected continuously through Kafka/Kinesis.
Raw data is stored in a Data Lake.
Stream data is processed for instant insights and recommendations.
Batch data is processed for daily/weekly analysis.
Processed data is stored in a Data Warehouse.
ML models analyze customer behavior and generate product recommendations.

Why this Design is Suitable:

Scalable: Can handle millions of logs and petabytes of data.
Fault Tolerant: Cloud services provide reliability and backup.
Flexible: Supports both structured and unstructured data.
Real-Time + Batch Support: Suitable for both streaming and offline analytics.
ML Ready: Easy to train and deploy recommendation models.

E-commerce Company-এর জন্য Big Data Analytics Pipeline

Recommended Cloud Data Pipeline:

Data Ingestion Layer: real-time web server logs ingest করার জন্য Apache Kafka / Amazon Kinesis ব্যবহার করা হবে।
Storage Layer: petabytes পরিমাণ raw ও structured data সংরক্ষণের জন্য Data Lake যেমন Amazon S3 / Google Cloud Storage / Azure Data Lake ব্যবহার করা হবে।
Data Processing Layer: batch processing-এর জন্য Apache Spark এবং stream analytics-এর জন্য Spark Streaming / Apache Flink ব্যবহার করা হবে।
Data Warehouse Layer: structured analytics ও reporting-এর জন্য BigQuery / Snowflake / Amazon Redshift ব্যবহার করা হবে।
Recommendation Engine: real-time analytics + ML models ব্যবহার করে near real-time product recommendation দেওয়া হবে।
Machine Learning Layer: বড় scale-এ model train ও deploy করার জন্য SageMaker / Vertex AI / Azure ML ব্যবহার করা হবে।
Orchestration Layer: workflow scheduling ও pipeline automation-এর জন্য Apache Airflow ব্যবহার করা হবে।
Visualization Layer: dashboard ও business report তৈরির জন্য Power BI / Tableau / Looker ব্যবহার করা হবে।

Pipeline কীভাবে কাজ করবে:

Web server logs continuously Kafka/Kinesis এর মাধ্যমে collect হবে।
Raw data Data Lake-এ store হবে।
Stream data process হয়ে instant insight ও recommendation দেবে।
Batch data process হয়ে daily/weekly analysis করা হবে।
Processed data Data Warehouse-এ রাখা হবে।
ML models customer behavior analyze করে product recommendation তৈরি করবে।

এই Design কেন উপযুক্ত:

Scalable: millions of logs এবং petabytes of data handle করতে পারে।
Fault Tolerant: cloud service reliability ও backup দেয়।
Flexible: structured এবং unstructured data দুইটিই support করে।
Real-Time + Batch Support: streaming এবং offline analytics দুটোর জন্যই উপযোগী।
ML Ready: recommendation model সহজে train ও deploy করা যায়।

9. From the following Hadoop ecosystem components:
MapReduce, HDFS, YARN, HBase, ZooKeeper, Pig, Hive, Mahout, Chukwa, Cassandra, Avro, Oozie, Flume, Sqoop
Identify five components from the list that you would use to design this pipeline. Justify the role of each chosen component in this scenario, focusing on its functionality.

Selected Hadoop Components for Big Data Pipeline

1. HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System)

Used to store massive volumes of data (petabytes).
Provides distributed and fault-tolerant storage.

2. YARN (Yet Another Resource Negotiator)

Manages cluster resources and schedules jobs.
Ensures efficient execution of multiple applications.

3. MapReduce

Used for batch data processing.
Processes large datasets in parallel across nodes.

4. Hive

Provides SQL-like interface for querying big data.
Useful for data analysis and reporting.

5. Flume

Used for real-time data ingestion (e.g., web server logs).
Efficiently collects and transfers streaming data to HDFS.

These components together support data ingestion, storage, processing, resource management, and analytics for a scalable big data pipeline.

1. HDFS

বড় পরিমাণ data (petabytes) সংরক্ষণে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
distributed এবং fault-tolerant storage প্রদান করে

2. YARN

cluster resource manage করে এবং job schedule করে।
একাধিক application efficiently run করতে সাহায্য করে।

3. MapReduce

batch data processing এর জন্য ব্যবহৃত হয়।
large data parallelভাবে process করে।

4. Hive

SQL-এর মতো query interface দেয়।
data analysis এবং reporting-এর জন্য উপযোগী।

5. Flume

real-time data ingestion (যেমন web logs) এর জন্য ব্যবহৃত হয়।
streaming data efficiently HDFS-এ পাঠায়।

এই components গুলো একসাথে data ingestion, storage, processing, resource management এবং analytics নিশ্চিত করে।

10. Explain the role of CSS Media Queries and the Viewport Meta Tag in creating responsive applications. What is the "Mobile-First" approach?

Responsive Design: Media Queries, Viewport & Mobile-First

CSS Media Queries (Role):

Used to apply different styles based on screen size, resolution, or device type.
Helps create responsive layouts for mobile, tablet, and desktop.
Example: @media (max-width: 768px) → apply styles for small screens.

Viewport Meta Tag (Role):

Controls how a web page is displayed on mobile devices.
Ensures proper scaling and layout on different screen sizes.
Example: <meta name=”viewport” content=”width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0″>

Mobile-First Approach:

Design the website first for mobile devices, then enhance for larger screens.
Uses min-width media queries to add features for tablets and desktops.
Benefits: better performance, simpler design, and improved user experience on mobile.

Responsive Design: Media Queries, Viewport & Mobile-First

CSS Media Queries (ভূমিকা):

screen size বা device অনুযায়ী ভিন্ন style apply করতে ব্যবহার করা হয়।
mobile, tablet, desktop-এর জন্য responsive layout তৈরি করতে সাহায্য করে।
উদাহরণ: @media (max-width: 768px) → ছোট screen-এর জন্য style।

Viewport Meta Tag (ভূমিকা):

web page মোবাইলে কিভাবে display হবে তা নিয়ন্ত্রণ করে।
সঠিক scaling এবং layout নিশ্চিত করে।
উদাহরণ: <meta name=”viewport” content=”width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0″>

Mobile-First Approach:

প্রথমে mobile device এর জন্য design করা হয়, পরে বড় screen-এর জন্য উন্নত করা হয়।
min-width media queries ব্যবহার করে ধাপে ধাপে feature যোগ করা হয়।
সুবিধা: ভালো performance, সহজ design, এবং mobile-এ ভালো user experience।

i. Policy Violations

Account Access Violation: Sharing a single Superuser password among multiple employees violates security policy (no accountability and poor access control).
Backup Schedule Violation: Policy requires daily backups, but the system performs only weekly backups.

ii. Compliance Failure (Backup Schedule)

Policy Non-Compliance: The organization is not following its defined backup policy.
Data Loss Risk: Weekly backups can result in losing up to 7 days of data.
Business Continuity Risk: In case of failure, recovery will not be up-to-date.
Audit & Legal Risk: Non-compliance may lead to penalties, audit failure, or legal issues.

i. Policy Violation

Account Access Violation: একাধিক employee একই Superuser password ব্যবহার করছে → এটি security policy ভঙ্গ (accountability নেই এবং access control দুর্বল)।
Backup Schedule Violation: policy অনুযায়ী daily backup হওয়ার কথা, কিন্তু করা হচ্ছে weekly backup।

ii. Compliance Failure (Backup Schedule)

Policy Non-Compliance: নির্ধারিত backup policy অনুসরণ করা হচ্ছে না।
Data Loss Risk: weekly backup-এর কারণে ৭ দিনের data হারানোর ঝুঁকি থাকে।
Business Risk: system failure হলে আপডেটেড data recover করা যাবে না।
Audit & Legal Risk: compliance না মানলে penalty, audit failure বা legal সমস্যা হতে পারে।

12. A machine produces defective items at a rate of 25% IT items are selected, what is the probability that at least one item is defective?

Given:

Defective rate = 25% = 0.25
Non-defective = 75% = 0.75
Number of items selected = 2

Find: Probability that at least one item is defective

P(at least one defective) = 1 − P(none defective)

Step 2: Probability of no defective

= 0.75 × 0.75 = 0.5625

So we find,

= 1 − 0.5625 = 0.4375

Final Answer:

Probability = 0.4375 (or 43.75%)

13. At a bank's annual maintenance engineering conference, there are 10 engineers a room. If every engineer shakes hands with every other engineer exactly unce what is the total number of handshakes that take place?

Given:

Total engineers, n = 10
Each engineer shakes hands with every other engineer once

Formula:

Total handshakes = ⁿc₂

Calculation:

= ¹⁰ C ₂
=(10*9)/(1*2)
= 45

Total handshakes = 45

General Part

14. Translate the following sentences into correct and meaningful English. (10)
a) কঠোর নীতিমালার কারণে ক্ষুদ্র উদ্যোক্তারা প্রয়োজনীয় ঋণ সুবিধা থেকে বঞ্চিত হচ্ছে।
b) গ্রাহকদের আস্থা অর্জনের জন্য স্বচ্ছতা এবং জবাবদিহিতা অপরিহার্য।
c) দুর্নীতি দেশের উন্নয়নের অন্তরায়।
d) সকাল থেকে গুঁড়ি গুঁড়ি বৃষ্টি হচ্ছে।
e) উপদেশ দেওয়ার চেয়ে পালন করা কঠিন।

15. Translate the following sentences into correct and meaningful Bangla. (10)
a) Empty vessels sound much.
b) Customers are encouraged to use online banking services to reduce transaction time and operational costs.
c) The bank has decided to waive the service charge.
d) The project is still in its nascent stage
e) True greatness lies not in power, but in humility and moral integrity
.
16. "Data is the new compute in today's Al era." Critically analyze this statement in the context of modem Al applications. Your answer should demonstrate clarity of thought, coherence, and relevance to the topic.

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Field Based Job Solution Topic Based QnS IT Job News / Circular

Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution Post: Assistant Engineer(IT)/ AME Job ID: 10207; Exam Date: 24.01.2026

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Combined 3 Banks & Financial Institution

Post: Assistant Engineer(IT)/ AME
Job ID: 10207; Exam Date: 24.01.2026